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Page 32 of 41 Rao. Vessel Plus 2022;6:25 https://dx.doi.org/10.20517/2574-1209.2021.92

Figure 58. Echocardiographic study in parasternal short-axis projections (similar to [Figure 57], but from a different premature infant)
featuring a moderate patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) (arrow in A) with a shunt from the descending aorta (DAo) to the pulmonary
artery (PA). Doppler flow velocity through the PDA by continuous wave Doppler sampling (B) indicates a higher PA pressure than in
[36]
the baby illustrated in [Figure 57]. Aorta (Ao) and peak velocity (P) are marked. Reproduced from Ref. .

Figure 59. Echocardiographic study in parasternal short-axis projections (similar to [Figures 57 and 58], but from a different premature
infant) featuring a large patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) (arrow in A) with a shunt from the descending aorta (DAo) to the pulmonary
artery (PA). Doppler flow velocity through the PDA by pulsed wave Doppler sampling (B) was low (< 0.5 m/s) with laminar flow,
indicating a high (near-systemic) PA pressure. Aorta (Ao), peak velocity (P), and right ventricle (RV) are marked. Reproduced from
Ref. [36] .

Echo images of normal CAs [Figures 67 and 68], aberrant origin of the left coronary artery from the right
sinus of Valsalva [Figure 69], the aberrant origin of the right coronary artery from the left sinus of Valsalva
[Figure 70] and anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the PA [Figure 71] are illustrated.

Other anomalies of the CAs listed in [Table 1] can also be demonstrated on echo-Doppler studies and
specific attention should be paid to document these abnormalities.

Acquired
Mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome, initially published by Dr. Kawasaki in 1967, is an acute systemic
[44]
vascular inflammation with an inclination for the involvement of coronary arteries and the potential for the
formation of aneurysms. The potential for coronary artery involvement in this syndrome increased
prominence to this disease entity. Echo-Doppler examination is very useful in the assessment of these