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Figure 44. Selected video frames from a two-dimensional echocardiographic study in a neonate with hypoplastic left heart syndrome
demonstrating: (A) a very small left ventricle (LV), severely stenotic aortic valve (AV) and a small aorta (Ao). Note the large right
ventricle (RV). (B) short-axis view demonstrating a small Ao, large right atrium (RA), RV and pulmonary artery (PA). (C) Subcostal
view showing a large RA, small left atrium (LA) and a small LV. The atrial defect (ASD) is shown with an arrowhead. (D) Another
subcostal view, again demonstrated large RA, small LA, small LV and a large RV (not labeled), and an ASD (Arrowhead). Reproduced
from Ref. [21] .

Figure 45. A selected video frame from a 2D echocardiographic apical four-chamber view in a neonate with hypoplastic left heart
syndrome, showing a markedly hypoplastic, slit-like (thick arrow) left ventricle (LV), a markedly enlarged and hypertrophied right
ventricle (RV), and an enlarged right atrium (RA). The atretic mitral valve (MV) (thin arrow) and hypoplastic left atrium (LA) are also
shown. Reproduced from Ref. [21] .