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Figure 17. Applications in wearable energy storage. (A) Device structure diagram and two aerogel CV curves [183] . Reproduced with
permission. Copyright 2022, John Wiley & Sons; (B) Self-powered energy harvester and its energy storage advantages [184] . Reproduced
under CC BY license from Shuai Guo, 2025, Nature Communications; (C) Device structure composition and performance output of
individual MEGT units under different storage periods [137] . Reproduced under CC BY license from Renbo Zhu, 2025, Advanced Materials;
(D) Charging process of flexible moisture-powered supercapacitor [79] . Reproduced under CC BY license from Lifeng Wang, 2024, Nature
Communications. CV: Cyclic voltammetry; MEGT: moisture-electric generation textile; PEDOT: poly (3,4-ethynedioxythiophene); PLA:
polylactic acid; rGO: reduced graphene oxide; MEG: moisture-electric generator; EC: ethyl cellulose.

supercapacitor carrier, and the electric energy generated by the device can be stored in the capacitor through
electrode transmission, realizing energy self-sufficiency. Guo et al. employed the unique structure of
hygroscopic iron hydrogel and fallen leaves to transform the leaves into energy collectors, enabling
continuous electricity harvesting from environmental humidity [184] . The hydrogel was synthesized via the
reaction of ferric chloride hexahydrate (FeCl ·6H O) and ethanolamine (EA), and conductive ink was applied
2
3
to the surface of treated leaves. The EDL formed on the leaf surface after moisture absorption can store
electric energy and supply power to external devices when connected to a circuit [Figure 17B]. This device
demonstrates efficient integration with energy storage for continuous humidity-driven power harvesting. For
wearable printed fabric-based devices, Zhu et al. developed a green device with high current density by
printing functional materials [137] . On a PLA fabric substrate, a hydrogel power generation layer made of
PAAS and NaCl was applied [Figure 17C]. The device maintained stable electrical performance for at least
120 days, demonstrating excellent long-term reliability. Wang et al. designed a flexible moisture self-charging
and voltage-stabilizing supercapacitor that absorbs ambient moisture to achieve continuous and stable
self-charging . In Figure 17D, the device combines a polyelectrolyte-based power generation layer with a
[79]
graphene-based electrochemical capacitor (EC), integrating energy conversion and storage functions. This
collaborative design enhances system energy efficiency while ensuring stable self-charging and voltage
output.

Wearable healthcare and agriculture monitoring
Because of their wearable, self-powered, and multifunctional advantages, MEGTs are widely used in health
monitoring equipment to track and analyze human health . This addresses the limitation of traditional
[36]
heart rate monitoring devices, which require frequent charging or battery replacement, and is especially