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Figure 15. Applications as emergency energy supply in extreme environments. (A) Integrated arrays used for underwater communication
and monitoring [54] . Reproduced under CC BY license from Daozhi Shen, 2024, Advanced Science; (B) In the arid desert, the wireless
tracker sends real-time location data to the display [40] . Reproduced with permission. Copyright 2023, Royal Society of Chemistry; (C)
Self-powered devices driven under various climatic conditions [35] . Reproduced with permission. Copyright 2025, John Wiley & Sons; (D)
Power supply for electronic devices in low-temperature environments [178] . Reproduced with permission. Copyright 2025, Royal Society of
Chemistry. ECG: electrocardiogram; EEG: electroencephalogram; MEG: moisture-electric generator.

Hybrid electricity energy harvesting
As mentioned above, moisture-electric-generation wearable energy devices can generate electricity under
both normal and extreme conditions. In complex and dynamic application scenarios, relying on a single
energy source often results in inefficiency or unstable power supply. Therefore, hybrid energy harvesting can
integrate multiple energy sources into stable, efficient, and high-quality energy packages through
multi-energy complementarity and intelligent management. It can also synergize with energy storage systems
to enhance capacity utilization, ensuring that users receive continuous and reliable power support in a
variety of complex scenarios.

In recent years, wet-gas power generation technology has demonstrated unique advantages when developed
in coordination with other energy sources. When MEGT is combined with triboelectric generators (TEGs),
power generation efficiency is greatly enhanced, while simultaneously opening new avenues for efficient and
sustainable energy utilization. The synergistic effect of the two allows for efficient multi-source energy
collection and conversion, demonstrating significant advantages in performance complementarity,
environmental adaptability, and application potential. Li et al. designed a flexible and efficient hybrid
generator that harnesses both water droplets and friction energy . In Figure 16A, the upper TEG consists of
[180]
a waterproof porous capacitor expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (E-PTFE), and the lower device comprises a
PGA hydrogel with water-absorbing CA as the medium, separated by an electrically insulating PET film with