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Page 26 of 47 Zhou et al. Soft Sci. 2026, 6, 10

printing eliminates the need for molds, reducing cost and time while supporting the development of
high-performance moisture power generation devices.

APPLICATIONS OF MOISTURE ELECTRIC GENERATION WEARABLE ENERGY
With the continuous in-depth study of green energy wet power generation technology, it has demonstrated
remarkable advantages in aspects such as device size, material structure, and energy utilization. Currently,
MEGTs reconstruct the flow of water molecules at the microscale, enhancing output voltage and current
density, and they show broad application prospects across multiple fields. The inherent flexibility,
breathability, and biocompatibility of textiles allow them to conform comfortably and snugly to the human
body or curved surfaces, making them an ideal medium for wearable power-generating devices [149,171] . Mature
textile manufacturing processes enable the integration of functional materials and support large-scale,
low-cost production [49,130] . These synergistic advantages make textiles an excellent platform for constructing
the next generation of green, sustainable, wearable humidity-powered devices [141,167] . The following sections
will introduce applications in wearable energy, collaborative performance improvement, energy storage, and
data monitoring.

Energy supply for wearable devices in normal environment
MEGT devices are small, flexible, foldable, and stretchable, and can be embedded in fabrics and ornaments,
providing continuous power support for wearable electronic devices, which gives them great potential in this
field. By harnessing moisture from human skin or the surrounding environment, they can continuously
supply energy to smartwatches, Bluetooth headsets, sports bracelets, and other devices, reducing dependence
on traditional batteries [175] . Figure 14A shows a self-powered wearable electronic device with an integrated
structure that generates a stable voltage output by collecting moisture on the skin surface to supply energy to
the electronic device [148] . This technology enables wearable devices to operate continuously without an
external power source. Stretchable MEGT units can amplify voltage and current by connecting them in series
or parallel, and can be integrated into a stretchable oversleeve to form a “humidity power supply sheath” .
[167]
As shown in Figure 14B, a pedometer generates electricity by capturing humidity changes during walking
and displays the number of steps . The device design offers good flexibility and stretchability, allowing for
[149]
ultra-thin and ultra-light structures that minimally increase the volume and weight of wearable devices, while
providing high wearing comfort. Yarn-based MEGTs are particularly suitable for weaving and integration
into fabrics, offering excellent flexibility and deformability. Flexible MEGTs adapt to human movement and
bending while simultaneously providing sensing and power supply functions . Certain electronic systems
[171]
enable wireless transmission of monitored physiological parameters to smartphones [176] . In Figure 14C, the
electrical energy generated by the protein MEG can charge commercial capacitors and power wearable
wireless electronic devices, enabling simultaneous sensing and power delivery while adapting to body
movement and bending . MEGT generators with wireless sensors can be integrated into clothing to collect
[40]
real-time human activity data [Figure 14D] . Under different operating conditions, the wireless monitoring
[137]
system tracks and responds to varying signals in real time. Users can view and analyze these data through
mobile applications to better understand their health status and sports performance. This energy supply
technology allows wearable electronic equipment to achieve energy self-sustainability, improves portability,
and prolongs service life. Furthermore, these devices can also be integrated into masks [124] , providing basic
protection while powering built-in sensors or other electronic modules. This approach not only addresses the
power supply bottleneck of wearable devices but also has strong potential for wide application in
self-powered body monitoring systems due to its flexibility, wireless capability, and motion adaptability.

Emergency energy supply in extreme environments
In some extreme environments, such as marine areas with high humidity or regions with extremely low
temperatures and low humidity, traditional power supplies may struggle to meet demand. MEGT can