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Zhou et al. Soft Sci. 2026, 6, 10 Page 21 of 47

Figure 10. 3D structure of MEGT. (A) Internal structure diagram of two functional layers in the device [160] . Reproduced with permission.
Copyright 2025, John Wiley & Sons; (B) Schematic diagram of the CCA power generation layer [161] . Reproduced with permission. Copyright
2024, Royal Society of Chemistry; (C) Internal structure diagram of MAH-MEG functional layer [162] . Reproduced with permission.
Copyright 2023, American Chemical Society; (D) The structural composition of 3D-SMEG unit [34] . Reproduced with permission. Copyright
2025, Royal Society of Chemistry; (E) A MEG device consisting of a BGC-NC bilayer membrane and a pair of Au@SS electrodes [163] .
Reproduced with permission. Copyright 2024, Royal Society of Chemistry; (F) Structural composition diagram of IEM-MEG device [166] .
Reproduced with permission. Copyright 2024, John Wiley & Sons. 3D: Three-dimensional; MEGT: moisture-electric generation textile;
CCA: CNF/CNT/CA (CNF: cellulose nanofiber; CNT: carbon nanotube; CA: citric acid); MAH-MEG: MXene aerogel-on-hydrogel moisture
electric generator; 3D-SMEG: 3D self-maintaining moisture-electric generator; BGC-NC: Berlin Green (BG)/graphene oxide
(GO)/cellulose nanofiber (CNF); SS: silk fibroin/sericin; IEM-MEG: ion-exchange membrane-moisture-electric generator; GO: graphene
oxide; CNF: cellulose nanofiber; CNT: carbon nanotube; CA: citric acid; BG: Berlin Green; GC: graphene oxide/cellulose nanofiber; PVA:
polyvinyl alcohol; PA: phytic acid.

based on PAM, LiCl, and CMC [Figure 10F]; performance can be doubled by constructing ionized hydrogel
heterojunctions with cations and anions . Furthermore, Zhang et al. developed a MEG using integrated ion
[165]
exchange films (IEM-MEG), enhancing selective ion transport and enabling continuous energy output under
low RH .
[166]

LARGE-SCALE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
For the large-scale design and fabrication of MEGT, the preparation of the electric generation layer and
electrodes can be considered separately. The electric generation layer can be efficiently produced over large