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Page 10 of 43 Rao. Vessel Plus 2022;6:26 https://dx.doi.org/10.20517/2574-1209.2021.93

Figure 14. Selected video frames from subcostal views of a neonate with transposition of the great arteries demonstrating patent
foramen ovale (PFO). (A) Demonstrates PFO by 2-dimensional imaging. (B, C) show: a left to right (L to R) shunt in (B) and right to left
[13]
(R to L) shunt in (C) in different phases of the cardiac cycle. Reproduced from Ref. . LA: Left atrium; RA: right atrium.

Figure 15. Selected video frames from suprasternal notch views of the aortic (Ao) arch of a neonate with transposition of the great
arteries demonstrating a large patent ductus arteriosus (PDA); 2D (A) and color flow images (B) are shown. Reproduced from Ref. [13] .
DAo: Descending aorta; PA: pulmonary artery.

Figure 16. Selected video frame from suprasternal notch views of the aortic (Ao) arch of another neonate with transposition of the great
[8]
arteries demonstrating a small patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). Reproduced from Ref. . DAo: Descending aorta; MPA: main pulmonary
artery.

TRICUSPID ATRESIA
Tricuspid atresia (TA) is a cyanotic heart defect and is described as a congenitally absent or lack of
development (agenesis) of the morphological tricuspid valve [15-18] . TA is the 3rd most frequent cyanotic heart
defect and constitutes 1.4% to 1.5% of all CHDs . There is atresia of the tricuspid valve. In the utmost
[17]
frequent muscular type, the atretic tricuspid valve is visualized as an indentation or a local fibrous knob in