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Boaretto et al. Energy Mater. 2025, 5, 500040 https://dx.doi.org/10.20517/energymater.2024.203 Page 21 of 24

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cycling performance, with 200 mAh g at C/20, 150 mAh g at 1C, and 80% capacity retention after
100 cycles at C/10.
DECLARATIONS
Acknowledgments
The authors would like to express their gratitude to the European Commission for supporting the work
conducted under the EU Horizon Europe project SPINMATE (Grant Agreement 101069712). They also
wish to thank all the other partners of the SPINMATE consortium, including Avesta Battery & Energy
Engineering (ABEE), the Fraunhofer Institute for Silicate Research (Fraunhofer ISC), COMAU SPA, the
Technical University of Braunschweig, Toyota Motor Europe NV, CEA, IREC, INEGI, and INOVA+, for
their invaluable contributions to this research. In particular, the authors acknowledge ABEE for providing
Cu-coated lithium metal anodes (Li-Cu), Marc Nel-lo Pascual (IREC) for assistance with the development
of the spray-dried NMC-811 cathode active material, Miren de Lasén (CIC energiGUNE) for support in the
XPS experiments, and Jiessei Braccini (CIDETEC) for preparing positive electrodes and assembling the
single-layer pouch cells.

Authors’ contributions
Conceptualization, investigation, writing - original draft, writing - review & editing: Boaretto, N.
Investigation: Cobos, M.; Fernandez de Añastro, A.; Diez Viera, M.; Al Sammarraie Shakir, M.; Lindberg, S.;
Cid, R.
Investigation, resources: Jøsang, L. O.
Conceptualization, investigation: Garcia-Calvo, O.
Conceptualization, resources: Godillot, G.
Conceptualization, supervision: Kvasha, A.
Supervision: Martínez-Ibañez, M.
All authors revised the manuscript.

Availability of data and materials
Additional data is available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

Financial support and sponsorship
This study was funded by the European Commission through the EU Horizon Europe project SPINMATE
(Grant Agreement 101069712).

Conflicts of interest
Godillot, G. is employed by Arkema France, a company that develops, manufactures, and commercializes
specialty materials, including PVDF and LiFSI. Other authors declared that there are no conflicts of interest.

Ethical approval and consent to participate
Not applicable.

Consent for publication
Not applicable.

Copyright
© The Author(s) 2025.