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Yoon et al. Energy Mater 2024;4:400063 https://dx.doi.org/10.20517/energymater.2023.146 Page 21 of 30

[69]
Figure 14. (A) Schematic illustration, SEM image, and cycling performance of an Sb/CSN PIB anode . (B) Schematic illustration, SEM
[113]
image, and cycling performance of an Sb/NSF-C PIB anode . (C) Schematic illustration and rate performance of an Sb/CNS PIB
[114] [115]
anode . (D) Schematic illustration, SEM images, and cycling performance of an Sb/C PNF PIB anode . (E) Schematic illustration,
[116] [69]
SEM image, and cycling performance of a BiSb/C PIB anode . This figure is reproduced with permission from Zheng et al. ,
[113] [114] [115] [116]
Shi et al. , Han et al. , Cao et al. , and Xiong et al. .
physicochemical properties and infinite miscibility of Bi and Sb. Furthermore, the carbon effectively
buffered the volume change of the BiSb alloy nanoparticles during cycling. The BiSb/C anode exhibited a
reversible capacity of 320 mAh g with a high capacity retention of 97.5% after 600 cycles at 500 mA g .
-1
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Diverse approaches have been explored to address the substantial volume changes experienced by Sb-based
PIB anodes, including SEI layer control, structural control, and composite/alloy formation. Except for SEI
layer control, these methods parallel the techniques used for LIBs and SIBs. While FEC additives are well-
known for improving the performance LIBs and SIBs, their impact on PIBs remains controversial [120,121] .
Using FEC as an additive for an anode in a half-cell system dramatically reduced the ICE while increasing
the chemical and cycling stabilities of the system, demonstrating a trade-off relationship. Although a few
studies have validated the potential of the FEC additive in various PIB systems, its application to Sb-based
anodes remains unexplored. Therefore, the role of FEC in an Sb-based PIB anode requires further
investigation. Recent progress in Sb-based PIB anodes is summarized in Table 4.