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Shipitsyn et al. Energy Mater 2023;3:300038  https://dx.doi.org/10.20517/energymater.2023.22                                                                            Page 9 of 37


                              Table 2. A summary of the electrochemical performance of full cells with HC anodes in different electrolytes to avoid the effect of an excess Na resource from the metallic sodium anode

                                                                                                   CE at the 1st    Discharge capacity at the 1st  Discharge capacity at the nth   Number n of
                              Cathode                Electrolyte            Additive                                                                                                               Ref.
                                                                                                   cycle, %                 cycle, mAh/g          cycle, mAh/g                    cycles
                                                                                                                                                                                                              [53]
                              Na 2/3 Ni Mn 2/3 O 2   1M NaClO  + EC/DEC     -                      76               300                           228                             150              Li et al., 2014
                                     1/3
                                                              4
                                                     (1:1)
                              NaNi Mn O              1M NaClO  + PC         -                      -                215                           75                              100              Komaba et al.,
                                  1/2  1/2  2                 4                                                                                                                                       [38]
                                                                                                                                                                                                   2011
                                                     1M NaPF  + PC          -                      -                247                           118                             100
                                                             6
                                                     1M NaTFSA + PC         -                      -                249                           105                             100
                              Na V (PO ) F           1M NaPF  + EC/DMC      -                      83.0             109                           71                              60               Cometto et al.,
                                 3  2  4 2 3                 6                                                                                                                                         [68]
                                                     (1:1)                                                                                                                                         2019
                                                                            1% TMSPi               76.0             110                           93                              60
                                                                            3% VC                  88.0             108                           95                              60
                                                                            0.5% NaODFB            85.0             107                           31                              60
                                                                            0.5% NaODFB + 1%       70.0             109                           95                              60
                                                                            TMSPi
                                                                            0.5% NaODFB + 1%       83.0             110                           109                             60
                                                                            TMSPi + 3% VC
                              Na V (PO ) F           1M NaPF  + EC/PC (1:1)  -                                                                                                                     Yan et al.,
                                                             6
                                 3
                                       4 2 3
                                   2
                                                                                                                                                                                                   2019 [69]
                              NaNi Fe  Mn O          1M NaPF  + PC/EMC      2% FEC                 -                950 mAh                       726 mAh                         750              Che et al.,
                                  1/3  1/3  1/3  2           6                                                                                                                                         [70]
                                                     (1:1)                                                                                                                                         2018
                                                                            2% FEC + 1% PST        -                950 mAh                       802 mAh                         1,000
                                                                            2% FEC + 1% PST + 1%   -                950 mAh                       876 mAh                         1,000
                                                                            DTD
                              Na V (PO )             0.9M NaFSI + TFEP      -                      70.6             87                            72                              10,000           Jiang et al.,
                                 3  2  4 3                                                                                                                                                             [52]
                                                                                                                                                                                                   2018
                                                                                                                                                                                                              [58]
                              Na[Cu Ni  2/9 Fe Mn 1/3  1M NaClO  +          2% FEC                 74.0             252                           175                             2,000            Li et al., 2019
                                    1/9
                                            1/3
                                                              4
                              ]O                     EC/DMC/PC (1:1:1)
                                2
                              Na(Ni Mn Cu Ti )       1M NaPF  + EC/DMC      2% wt. FEC             72.3             144.3                 84.7                                    50               Zhang et al.,
                                   0.4  0.4  0.1  0.1        6                                                                                                                                         [59]
                                  La   O             (1:1)                                                                                                                                         2022
                              0.999  0.001  2                               2% wt. FEC + 2% wt. 1,3-  76.7          152.6                 125.1
                                                                            PS
                                                                            2% wt. FEC + 2% wt. DTD 79.1            152.4                 121.0
                                                                            2% wt. FEC + 0.2% wt.   65.3            139.2                 36.3
                                                                            PES
                              DEC: Diethyl carbonate; DMC: dimethyl carbonate; DTD: 1,3,2-dioxathiolane-2,2-dioxide; EC: ethylene carbonate; FEC: fluoroethylene carbonate; HC: hard carbon; NaFSI: sodium bis-(fluorosulfonyl)imide; NaODFB:
                              sodium (oxalate) difluoro borate; PC: propylene carbonate; PES: prop-1-ene-1,3-sultone; PS: 1,3-propane sultone; PST: prop-1-ene-1,3-sultone; TFEP: tri(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl) phosphite; TMSPi: tris(trimethylsilyl)
                              phosphite; VC: vinyl carbonate; 1,3-PS: 1,3-propylene sulfite.
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