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Sobenin et al. Vessel Plus 2017;1:29-37                                           Vessel Plus
           DOI: 10.20517/2574-1209.2016.12
                                                                                                  www.vpjournal.net
            Original Article                                                                    Open Access


           Small dense and desialylated low density

           lipoprotein in diabetic patients



           Igor A. Sobenin , Elena V. Galitsyna , Andrey V. Grechko , Alexander N. Orekhov
                                                                                   2,4
                         1,2
                                           3,4
                                                              5
           1 Department of Cardiovascular Pathology, Russian Cardiology Research and Production Complex, 121552 Moscow, Russia.
           2 Laboratory of Angiopathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, 125315 Moscow, Russia.
           3 Department of Genetics, Southern Federal University, 344090 Rostov-on-Don, Russia.
           4 Institute for Atherosclerosis Research, Skolkovo Innovative Center, 121609 Moscow, Russia.
           5 Federal Scientific Clinical Center for Resuscitation and Rehabilitation, 109240 Moscow, Russia.
           Correspondence to: Dr. Igor A. Sobenin, Russian Cardiology Research and Production Complex, 15-a 3-rd Cherepkovskaya Str, 121552 Moscow,
           Russia. E-mail: igor.sobenin@gmail.com

           How to cite this article: Sobenin IA, Galitsyna EV, Grechko AV, Orekhov AN. Small dense and desialylated low density lipoprotein in diabetic
           patients. Vessel Plus 2017;1:29-37.


                          Dr. Igor A. Sobenin is a Leading Researcher at the Department of Cardiovascular Pathology at Russian Cardiology
                          Research and Production Complex, Moscow, Russia. He has received his MD in Internal Diseases in 1988, PhD
                          in Endocrinology in 1991, and DSc in Pathophysiology and Biochemistry in 2006. His research activity is related to
                          molecular, biochemical and cellular mechanisms of atherosclerosis, including genetic and phenotypic markers of
                          susceptibility, clinical, epidemiological and population studies in the field of chronic diseases with a special emphasis
                          on atherosclerosis. He has published more than 140 papers in international peer-reviewed journals indexed by
                          PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science.

                                         ABSTRACT
            Article history:              Aim: This study was undertaken to investigate the physicochemical properties of modified low
            Received: 26-10-2016          density lipoprotein (LDL) in diabetes. Methods: LDL from 10 type 1 and 10 type 2 diabetic
            Accepted: 29-12-2016          patients, as well as LDL from 10 non-diabetic subjects, was subdivided into bound and non-
            Published: 31-03-2017         bound  fractions  by  affinity  chromatography  on  Ricinus communis agglutinin-agarose, and
                                          further characterized by sialic acid content, hydrated density, electrophoretic mobility, and
                                          the ability to induce cholesterol deposition in cultured cells. Results: The non-bound LDL
            Key words:
            Diabetes mellitus,            fraction was similar to native LDL from healthy subjects, with respect to its physicochemical
                                          properties, and did not produce intracellular cholesterol accumulation. The bound LDL fraction
            atherosclerosis,
            low density lipoprotein,      was characterized by several alterations differentiating it from non-bound LDL, namely,
                                          significantly  lowered  sialic  acid  content  (by  35-50%,  compared  with  non-bound  LDL),
            desialylated LDL,             increased electrophoretic mobility (by 40-50%), increased hydrated density (difference in
            small dense LDL,              modae, 5.6-5.9 mg/mL), and smaller particle size (difference in modae, 3.8-4.9 nm). Bound
            electronegative LDL
                                          LDL possessed the ability to induce a 2.1- to 2.7-fold increase in intracellular cholesterol
                                          content. Conclusion: The results showed the presence of a dense, small, more electronegative,
                                          desialylated LDL subfraction in the blood of diabetic patients, which is  in vivo  modified
                                          atherogenic LDL.

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