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Ma et al. Soft Sci 2024;4:26 Soft Science
DOI: 10.20517/ss.2024.20

Review Article Open Access

Recent advances in laser-induced-graphene-based

soft skin electronics for intelligent healthcare

Zhiqiang Ma 1,2,* , Bee Luan Khoo 1,2,3,*
1
Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China.
2
Hong Kong Center for Cerebro-Cardiovascular Health Engineering, Hong Kong 999077, China.
3
City University of Hong Kong Futian - Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, Guangdong, China.
* Correspondence to: Dr. Zhiqiang Ma, Prof. Bee Luan Khoo, Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong,
83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong 999077, China. E-mail: zqma@hkcoche.org; blkhoo@cityu.edu.hk
How to cite this article: Ma Z, Khoo BL. Recent advances in laser-induced-graphene-based soft skin electronics for intelligent
healthcare. Soft Sci 2024;4:26. https://dx.doi.org/10.20517/ss.2024.20
Received: 7 May 2024 First Decision: 4 Jun 2024 Revised: 25 Jun 2024 Accepted: 28 Jun 2024 Published: 9 Jul 2024

Academic Editor: YongAn Huang Copy Editor: Pei-Yun Wang Production Editor: Pei-Yun Wang

Abstract
Skin is a rich source of invaluable information for healthcare management and disease diagnostics. The integration
of soft skin electronics enables precise and timely capture of these cues at the skin interface. Leveraging attributes
such as lightweight design, compact size, high integration, biocompatibility, and enhanced comfort, these
technologies hold significant promise for advancing various applications. However, the fabrication process for most
existing soft skin electronics typically requires expensive platforms and clean-room environments, potentially
inflating production costs. In recent years, the emergence of laser-induced-graphene (LIG) has presented a
practical solution for developing soft skin electronics that are both cost-effective and high-performing. This
advancement paves the way for the widespread adoption of intelligent healthcare technologies. Here, we
comprehensively review recent studies focusing on LIG-based soft skin electronics (LIGS E) for intelligent
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healthcare applications. We first outline the preparation methodologies, fundamental properties of LIG, and
standard regulation strategies employed in developing soft skin electronics. Subsequently, we present an overview
of various LIGS E designs and their diverse applications in intelligent healthcare. These applications encompass
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biophysical and biochemical sensors, bio-actuators, and power supply systems. Finally, we deliberate on the
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potential challenges associated with the practical implementation of LIGS E in healthcare settings and offer insights
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into future directions for research and development. By elucidating the capabilities and limitations of LIGS E, this
review aims to contribute to advancing intelligent healthcare technologies.

Keywords: Skin electronics, laser-induced-graphene, soft sensors, intelligent healthcare

© The Author(s) 2024. Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0
International License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, sharing,
adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, for any purpose, even commercially, as
long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and
indicate if changes were made.

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