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Page 16 of 26 Xiao et al. Soft Sci 2023;3:11 https://dx.doi.org/10.20517/ss.2023.03

Figure 9. Application in temperature and strain sensors. (A) Temperature sensor based on the transmittance change of the LCE film
due to temperature change. When the temperature is above a safety threshold, the red LED turns on and an alarm sounds to alert the
users. Reproduced with permission [150] . Copyright 2022, American Chemical Society; (B) self-sensing cantilever actuator with
integrated miniature optoelectronic components. Thermal and nonthermal bending modes could be experienced, and the real-time
optical intensity is measured for the monitoring of the bending deformation. Reproduced with permission [14] . Copyright 2021, American
Association for the Advancement of Science; (C) NIR light and temperature sensor based on the photothermal pyroelectric property.
Reproduced with permission [151] . Copyright 2018, The Royal Society of Chemistry; (D) LM-LCE coaxial fibers, which could sense the
fiber stretching by measuring the voltage or resistance change of the inner LM. Scale bars, 2 mm at the top panel and 1 cm at the
bottom. Reproduced with permission [152] . Copyright 2021, Wiley-VCH GmbH; (E) strain sensor based on highly stretchable and highly
uniform main-chain cholesteric LCE film, which could change color at different strain levels. The film is continuously blue-shifted and
homogenous under a bending strain with zero Gaussian curvature. When the film is bent with nonzero Gaussian curvature, the two
parts separated by a gap show different colors (e.g., red and blue). Scale bar, 1 cm. Reproduced with permission [48] . Copyright 2022,
Wiley-VCH GmbH; (F) environmental temperature and humidity sensor, showing a color change from transparent to blue to green
when the humidity increases or the temperature decreases. Scale bar, 20 μm. Reproduced with permission [49] . Copyright 2020,
American Chemical Society.