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without compromising  on flap vascularity. In short, the   A keystone‑design perforator‑based flap is based on
          key message  of this  small case series  is  to emphasize   a synthesis of well‑established concepts. It provides a
          perforator identification,  visualization,  and preservation,   solution for performing a local flap in a difficult region
          while elevating keystone flaps on the leg.          such as the leg, where lax and mobile skin is at a premium.
          We  find  a  parallel  to  the  discovery  of  this  idea,  in  the   REFERENCES
          evolution of the propeller perforator concept. The propeller
          flap was originally described for coverage of elbow or   1.   Behan F, Lo C. Principles and misconceptions regarding the keystone island
          axillary defects. The flap had a central adiposofascial   flap. Ann Surg Oncol 2009;16:1722‑3.
          pedicle, which contained perforators. The existence of   2.   Khouri  JS, Egeland  BM, Daily  SD, Harake  MS, Kwon  S, Neligan  PC,
          these  perforators  was  presumed,  and  they  were  never   Kuzon  WM  Jr.  The  keystone  island  flap:  use  in  large  defects  of  the
          actively sought for or identified. However on the lower   trunk and extremities in soft‑tissue reconstruction. Plast Reconstr Surg
                                                                  2011;127:1212‑21.
          extremity, most propeller flaps are nowadays elevated on   3.   Pauchot  J, Chambert  J, Remache  D, Elkhyat A, Jacquet  E. Geometrical
          a single perforator, painstakingly skeletonized and twisted   analysis of the V‑Y advancement flap applied to a keystone flap. J Plast
          up to 180°.                                             Reconstr Aesthet Surg 2012;65:1087‑95.
                                                              4.   Moncrieff  MD, Bowen  F, Thompson  JF, Saw  RP, Shannon  KF, Spillane AJ,
          In the present series, care was taken to include only   Quinn MJ, Stretch JR. Keystone flap reconstruction of primary melanoma
          limited  defects  of  the  lower  extremity,  which  required   excision defects of the leg‑the end of the skin graft?  Ann Surg Oncol
                                                                  2008;15:2867‑73.
          a  local  flap  to  advance  up  to  3  cm.  Some  important   5.   Douglas CD, Low NC, Seitz MJ. The keystone flap: not an advance, just a
          limitations have to be mentioned. Free tissue transfer is   stretch. Ann Surg Oncol 2013;20:973‑80.
          the primary choice especially for larger, posttraumatic
          defects. A  split thickness graft close to the site of the   How to cite this article: John JR, Balan JR, Tripathy S, Sharma RK,
          flap may not be ideal for patients undergoing cancer   Jadhav C. The keystone-design perforator-based flap for leg defects: a
                                                               synthesis of philosophies. Plast Aesthet Res 2014;1:70-2.
          excision, as they require radiotherapy. It is difficult to
          elevate the skin‑grafted tissue for future operations   Source of Support: Nil, Conflict of Interest: None declared.
          too.                                                 Received: 09-05-2014; Accepted: 11-07-2014





















































            72                                                             Plast Aesthet Res || Vol 1 || Issue 2 ||  Sep 2014
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