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Peng et al. Autoimmune encephalitis

overlap antibodies. Five patients with small-cell lung line treatment. For patients with AE associated with
cancer had additional onconeuronal antibodies (Ri, tumor, tumor resection should be carried out as soon
amphiphysin, or SOX1), and 2 without tumor had as possible. [15]
GAD65 and NMDAR antibodies. In addition, AE can
also overlap with other immune mediated non-nervous CONCLUSION
system autoantibodies, such as antibodies to thyroid
peroxidase or GAD65. [19] With the introduction of new diagnostic criteria for
AE, the diagnosis of AE can be standardized. Early
DETECTION METHODS OF AUTOIMMUNE diagnosis of AE, starting immunotherapy or resection
ENCEPHALITIS ANTIBODY of the tumor is conducive to improving the prognosis
of the disease. However, the sensitivity and specificity
Even though the launched diagnostic criteria of AE of the diagnostic criteria remain to be further clinical
do not depend on the detection of autoantibody, validated. For antibody-negative AE, the existence of
it still needs to emphasize the importance of new antibodies still needs further exploration.
autoantibody detection. Commonly used methods
for autoantibody detection include cell-based assay Authors’ contributions
(CBA), immunohistochemical staining of brain tissue, Drafting/revising the manuscript, study concept or
immunocytochemical staining of cultured single design: Y. Peng, J.W. Wang
hippocampal neurons in rodents (only for animal Study supervision, intellectual contribution: J.W. Wang
experiments). CBA method is the more recognized
[5]
detection method in domestic laboratory. The sensitivity Financial support and sponsorship
and specificity of the CSF detection of CBA is 98.5% None.
and 100%, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity Conflicts of interest
of serum antibody detection of CBA were 85.5% and
98.2%. [20,21] In clinical practice, there are also many There are no conflicts of interest.
patients that meet the autoantibody-negative AE Patient consent
diagnostic criteria, which may be due to the limited There is no patient data involved.
types of antibody that can be detected or the false
negative test results can be recorded. The guidelines Ethics approval
also recommend that patients who meet the criteria Not applicable.
of probable AE, but do not have well characterized
autoantibodies, investigation of CSF and serum for REFERENCES
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134 Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation ¦ Volume 4 ¦ July 11, 2017