Page 45 - Read Online

2009;30:759-68. Induction of TNF-alpha by LPS in Schwann cell is regulated by
48. Ros-Bernal F, Hunot S, Herrero MT, Microglial glucocorticoid receptors MAPK activation signals. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2007;27:909-21.
play a pivotal role in regulating dopaminergic neurodegeneration in 70. Brun P, Gobbo S, Caputi V, Spagnol L, Schirato G, Pasqualin M,
parkinsonism. Microglial glucocorticoid receptors play a pivotal role Levorato E, Palù G, Giron MC, Castagliuolo I. Toll like receptor-2
in regulating dopaminergic neurodegeneration in parkinsonism. Proc regulates production of glial-derived neurotrophic factors in murine
Natl Acad Sci U S A 2011;108:6632-7. intestinal smooth muscle cells. Mol Cell Neurosci 2015;68:24-35.
49. Kim C, Ho DH, Suk JE, You S, Michael S, Kang J, Joong Lee S, 71. van Bergenhenegouwen J, Plantinga TS, Joosten LA, Netea MG,
Masliah E, Hwang D, Lee HJ, Lee SJ. Neuron-released oligomeric Folkerts G, Kraneveld AD, Garssen J, Vos AP. TLR2 & Co: a
alpha-synuclein is an endogenous agonist of TLR2 for paracrine critical analysis of the complex interactions between TLR2 and
activation of microglia. Nat Commun 2013;4:1562. coreceptors. J Leukoc Biol 2013;94:885-902.
50. Stefanova N, Reindl M, Neumann M, Kahle PJ, Poewe W, Wenning 72. Oosting M, Cheng S-C, Bolscher JM, Vestering-Stenger R, Plantinga
GK. Microglial activation mediates neurodegeneration related to TS, Verschueren IC, Arts P, Garritsen A, van Eenennaam H, Sturm
oligodendroglial alpha-synucleinopathy: implications for multiple P, Kullberg BJ, Hoischen A, Adema GJ, van der Meer JW, Netea
system atrophy. Mov Disord 2007;22:2196-203. MG, Joosten LA. Human TLR10 is an anti-inflammatory pattern-
51. Brudek T, Winge K, Agander TK, Pakkenberg B. Screening of recognition receptor. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014;111:E4478-84.
Toll-like receptors expression in multiple system atrophy brains. 73. Doorn KJ, Moors T, Drukarch B, van de Berg WD, Lucassen PJ,
Neurochem Res 2013;38:1252-9. van Dam AM. Microglial phenotypes and toll-like receptor 2 in
52. Panaro MA, Lofrumento DD, Saponaro C, De Nuccio F, Cianciulli A, the substantia nigra and hippocampus of incidental Lewy body
Mitolo V, Nicolardi G. Expression of TLR4 and CD14 in the central disease cases and Parkinson’s disease patients. Acta Neuropathol
nervous system (CNS) in a MPTP mouse model of Parkinson’s-like Commun 2014;2:90-1.
disease. Immunopharmacol Immtoxicol 2008;30:729-40. 74. Drouin-Ouellet J, St-Amour I, Saint-Pierre M, Lamontagne-Proulx
53. Landreth GE, Reed-Geaghan EG. Toll-like receptors in Alzheimer’s J, Kriz J, Barker RA, Cicchetti F. Toll-like receptor expression in
disease. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2009;336:137-53. the blood and brain of patients and a mouse model of Parkinson’s
54. Kunda PE, Cavicchia JC, Acosta CG. Lipopolysaccharides and Disease. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2014; pii: pyu103.
trophic factors regulate the LPS receptor complex in nodose and 75. Kalinderi K, Bostantjopoulou S, Katsarou Z, Fidani L. TLR9 -1237
trigeminal neurons. Neuroscience 2014;280:60-72. T/C and TLR2 -194 to -174 del polymorphisms and the risk of
55. Min H, Lee H, Lim H, Jang YH, Chung SJ, Lee CJ, Lee SJ. TLR4 Parkinson’s disease in the Greek population: a pilot study. Neurol
enhances histamine-mediated pruritus by potentiating TRPV1 Sci 2013;34:679-82.
activity. Mol Brain 2014;7:59. 76. Noguchi E, Nishimura F, Fukai H, Kim J, Ichikawa K, Shibasaki
56. Maslinska D, Laure-Kamionowska M, Maslinski S. Toll-like M, Arinami T. An association study of asthma and total serum
receptors in rat brains injured by hypoxic-ischaemia or exposed to immunoglobin E levels for Toll-like receptor polymorphisms in a
staphylococcal alpha-toxin. Folia Neuropathol 2004;42:125-32. Japanese population. Clin Exp Allergy 2004;34:177-83.
57. Arciszewski MB, Sand E, Ekblad E. Vasoactive intestinal peptide 77. Beraud D, Twomey M, Bloom B, Mittereder A, Ton V, Neitzke K,
rescues cultured rat myenteric neurons from lipopolysaccharide Chasovskikh S, Mhyre TR, Maguire-Zeiss KA. alpha-Synuclein
induced cell death. Regul Pept 2008;146:218-223. Alters Toll-Like Receptor Expression. Front Neurosci 2011;5:80.
58. Lathia JD, Okun E, Tang SC, Griffioen K, Cheng A, Mughal MR, 78. Roodveldt C, Labrador-Garrido A, Gonzalez-Rey E, Lachaud CC,
Laryea G, Selvaraj PK, ffrench-Constant C, Magnus T, Arumugam TV, Guilliams T, Fernandez-Montesinos R, Benitez-Rondan A, Robledo
Mattson MP. Toll-like receptor 3 is a negative regulator of embryonic G, Hmadcha A, Delgado M, Dobson CM, Pozo D. Preconditioning
neural progenitor cell proliferation. J Neurosci 2008;28:13978-84. of Microglia by α-Synuclein Strongly Affects the Response Induced
59. Menager P, Roux P, Megret F, Bourgeois JP, Le Sourd AM, by Toll-like Receptor (TLR) Stimulation. PLoS One 2013;8:e79160.
Danckaert A, Lafage M, Préhaud C, Lafon M. Toll-like receptor 79. Frank S, Copanaki E, Burbach GJ, Müller UC, Deller T.
3 (TLR3) plays a major role in the formation of rabies virus Negri Differential regulation of toll-like receptor mRNAs in amyloid
Bodies. PLoS Pathog 2009;5:e1000315. plaque-associated brain tissue of aged APP23 transgenic mice.
60. Pleasure SJ, Page C, Lee VM. Pure, postmitotic, polarized Neurosci Lett 2009;453:41-4.
human neurons derived from NTera 2 cells provide a system 80. Jana M, Palencia CA, Pahan K. Fibrillar amyloid-beta peptides
for expressing exogenous proteins in terminally differentiated activate microglia via TLR2: implications for Alzheimer’s disease.
neurons. J Neurosci 1992;12:1802-15. J Immunol 2008;181:7254-62.
61. Schwartz CM, Spivak CE, Baker SC, McDaniel TK, Loring JF, 81. Richard KL, Filali M, Prefontaine P, Rivest S. Toll-like receptor
Nguyen C, Chrest FJ, Wersto R, Arenas E, Zeng X, Freed WJ, Rao 2 acts as a natural innate immune receptor to clear amyloid
MS. NTera2: a model system to study dopaminergic differentiation beta 1-42 and delay the cognitive decline in a mouse model of
of human embryonic stem cells. Stem Cells Dev 2005;14:517-34. Alzheimer’s disease. J Neurosci 2008;28:5784-93.
62. Lee H, Lee S, Cho IH, Lee SJ. Toll-like receptors: sensor molecules 82. Reed-Geaghan EG, Savage JC, Hise AG, Landreth GE. CD14
for detecting damage to the nervous system. Curr Protein Pept Sci and toll-like receptors 2 and 4 are required for fibrillar A{beta}-
2013;14:33-42. stimulated microglial activation. J Neurosci 2009;29:11982-92.
63. Carpentier PA, Duncan DS, Miller SD. Glial toll-like receptor 83. Schutze S, Loleit T, Zeretzke M, Bunkowski S, Brück W, Ribes S, Nau
signaling in central nervous system infection and autoimmunity. R. Additive Microglia-Mediated Neuronal Injury Caused by Amyloid-
Brain Behav Immun 2008;22:140-47. beta and Bacterial TLR Agonists in Murine Neuron-Microglia Co-
64. Aravalli RN, Peterson PK, Lokensgard JR. Toll-like receptors in Cultures Quantified by an Automated Image Analysis using Cognition
defense and damage of the central nervous system. J Neuroimmune Network Technology. J Alzheimers Dis 2012;31:651-57.
Pharmacol 2007;2:297-312. 84. Lotz M, Ebert S, Esselmann H, Iliev AI, Prinz M, Wiazewicz N,
65. Lehnardt S. Innate immunity and neuroinflammation in the CNS: Wiltfang J, Gerber J, Nau R. Amyloid beta peptide 1-40 enhances
the role of microglia in Toll-like receptor-mediated neuronal injury. the action of Toll-like receptor-2 and -4 agonists but antagonizes
Glia 2010;58:253-263. Toll-like receptor-9-induced inflammation in primary mouse
66. Lee H, Jo EK, Choi SY, Oh SB, Park K, Kim JS, Lee SJ. Necrotic microglial cell cultures. J Neurochem 2005;94:289-98.
neuronal cells induce inflammatory Schwann cell activation via 85. Li H-Y, Hu J, Zhao S, Yuan ZY, Wan HJ, Lei F, Ding Y, Xing DM,
TLR2 and TLR3: implication in Wallerian degeneration. Biochem Du LJ. Comparative Study of the Effect of Baicalin and Its Natural
Biophys Res Commun 2006;350:742-7. Analogs on Neurons with Oxygen and Glucose Deprivation Involving
67. Oliveira RB, Ochoa MT, Sieling PA, Rea TH, Rambukkana A, Innate Immune Reaction of TLR2/TNF. J Biomed Biotechnol
Sarno EN, Modlin RL. Expression of Toll-like receptor 2 on human 2012;2012:267890.
Schwann cells: a mechanism of nerve damage in leprosy. Infect 86. Lien E, Ingalls RR. Toll-like receptors. Crit Care Med 2002;30:S1-S11.
Immun 2003;71:1427-33. 87. Jang H, Boltz D, Sturm-Ramirez K, Highly pathogenic H5N1
68. Lee H, Park C, Cho IH, Kim HY, Jo EK, Lee S, Kho HS, Choi SY, influenza virus can enter the central nervous system and induce
Oh SB, Park K, Kim JS, Lee SJ. Double-stranded RNA induces neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. Highly pathogenic
iNOS gene expression in Schwann cells, sensory neuronal death, H5N1 influenza virus can enter the central nervous system and
and peripheral nerve demyelination. Glia 2007;55:712-22. induce neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. Proc Natl Acad
69. Cheng C, Qin Y, Shao X, Wang H, Gao Y, Cheng M, Shen A. Sci U S A 2009;106:14063-8.

36 Neuroimmunol Neuroinflammation | Volume 3 | Issue 2 | February 15, 2016