Page 148 - Read Online

Conflicts of interest 18. Vergouwen MD, Meijers JC, Geskus RB, Coert BA, Horn J, Stroes ES,
There are no conflicts of interest. van der Poll T, Vermeulen M, Roos YB. Biologic effects of simvastatin
in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: A double-
blind, placebo-controlled randomized trial. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab
REFERENCES 2009;29:1444-53.
19. Jaschinski U, Scherer K, Lichtwarck M, Forst H. Impact of treatment
1. Zhou Q, Liao JK. Pleiotropic effects of statins-Basic research and with pravastatin on delayed ischemic disease and mortality after
clinical perspectives. Circ J 2010;74:818-26. aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Crit Care 2008;12:P112.
2. Greenwood J, Steinman L, Zamvil SS. Statin therapy and autoimmune 20. Macedo S, Bello Y, Silva A, Siqueria C, Siqueria S, Brito L. Effects of
disease: from protein prenylation to immunomodulation. Nat Rev simvastatin in prevention of vasospasm in nontraumatic subarachnoid
Immunol 2006;6:358-70. hemorrhage: preliminary data. Crit Care 2009;13:P103.
3. George SJ, Dhond AJ, Alderson SM, Ezekowitz MD. Neuroprotective 21. Kramer AH, Gurka MJ, Nathan B, Dumont AS, Kassell NF, Bleck
effects of statins may not be related to total and low-density lipoprotein TP. Statin use was not associated with less vasospasm or improved
cholesterol lowering. Am J Cardiol 2002;90:1237-9. outcome after subarachnoid hemorrhage. Neurosurgery 2008;62:422-
4. Brouilette SW, Moore JS, McMahon AD, Thompson JR, Ford I, 7; discussion 427-30.
Shepherd J, Packard CJ, Samani NJ. West of Scotland Coronary 22. McGirt MJ, Garces Ambrossi GL, Huang J, Tamargo RJ. Simvastatin
Prevention Study Group. Telomere length, risk of coronary heart for the prevention of symptomatic cerebral vasospasm following
disease, and statin treatment in the west of scotland primary prevention aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: a single-institution prospective
study: a nested case-control study. Lancet 2007;369:107-14. cohort study. J Neurosurg 2009;110:968-74.
5. Heart Protection Study Collaborative Group. MRC/BHF heart 23. Kern M, Lam MM, Knuckey NW, Lind CR. Statins may not protect
against vasospasm in subarachnoid haemorrhage. J Clin Neurosci
protection study of cholesterol lowering with simvastatin in 20,536
high-risk individuals: a randomised placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 2009;16:527-30.
2002;360:7-22. 24. Kerz T, Victor A, Beyer C, Trapp I, Heid F, Reisch R. A case control study
6. Amarenco P, Bogousslavsky J, Callahan A 3rd, Goldstein LB, Hennerici of statin and magnesium administration in patients after aneurysmal
M, Rudolph AE, Sillesen H, Simunovic L, Szarek M, Welch KM, Zivin subarachnoid hemorrhage: Incidence of delayed cerebral ischemia and
mortality. Neurol Res 2008;30:893-7.
JA. Stroke Prevention by Aggressive Reduction in Cholesterol Levels 25. Singhal AB, Topcuoglu MA, Dorer DJ, Ogilvy CS, Carter BS,
(SPARCL) Investigators. High-dose atorvastatin after stroke or transient Koroshetz WJ. SSRIand statin use increases the risk for vasospasm
ischemic attack. N Engl J Med 2006;355:549-59. after subarachnoid hemorrhage. Neurology 2005;64:1008-13.
7. Schwartz GG, Olsson AG, Ezekowitz MD,Ganz P, Oliver MF, Waters 26. Sanchez-Pena P, Nouet A, Clarencon F, Colonne C, Jean B, Le Jean
D, Zeiher A, Chaitman BR, Leslie S, Stern T. Myocardial Ischemia L, Fonfrede M, Aout M, Vicaut E, Puybasset L.Atorvastatin decreases
Reduction with Aggressive Cholesterol Lowering (MIRACL) Study computed tomography and S100-assessed brain ischemia after
Investigators. Effects of atorvastatin on early recurrent ischemic events subarachnoid aneurysmal hemorrhage: a comparative study. Crit Care
in acute coronary syndromes: the MIRACL study: a randomized Med 2012;40:594-602.
controlled trial. JAMA 2001;285:1711-8. 27. Kramer AH, Fletcher JJ. Statins in the management of patients with
8. Martí-Fàbregas J, Gomis M, Arboix A, Aleu A, Pagonabarraga J, Belvís aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: a systematic review and meta-
R, Cocho D, Roquer J, Rodríguez A, García MD, Molina-Porcel L, Díaz- analysis. Neurocrit Care 2010;12:285-96.
Manera J, Martí-Vilalta JL. Favorable outcome of ischemic stroke in 28. Biffi A, Devan WJ, Anderson CD, Ayres AM, Schwab K, Cortellini L,
patients pretreated with statins. Stroke 2004;35:1117-21. Viswanathan A, Rost NS, Smith EE, Goldstein JN, Greenberg SM,
9. Clatterbuck RE, Oshiro EM, Hoffman PA, Dietsch GN, Pardoll DM, Rosand J. Statin use and outcome after intracerebral hemorrhage:
Tamargo RJ. Inhibition of vasospasm with lymphocyte function- case-control study and meta-analysis. Neurology 2011;76:1581-8.
associated antigen-1 monoclonal antibody in a femoral artery model 29. Jung KH, Chu K, Jeong SW, Han SY, Lee ST, Kim JY, Kim M, Roh JK.
in rats. J Neurosurg 2002;97:676-82. HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor, atorvastatin, promotes sensorimotor
10. Dumont AS, Dumont RJ, Chow MM, Lin CL, Calisaneller T, Ley recovery, suppressing acute inflammatory reaction after experimental
KF, Kassell NF, Lee KS. Cerebral vasospasm after subarachnoid intracerebral hemorrhage. Stroke 2004;35:1744-9.
hemorrhage: putative role of inflammation. Neurosurgery 2003;53:123- 30. Seyfried D, Han Y, LuD, Chen J, Bydon A, Chopp M. Improvement
33; discussion 133-5. in neurological outcome after administration of atorvastatin
11. Dhar R, Diringer M. Statins and anti-inflammatory therapies for following experimental intracerebral hemorrhage in rats. J Neurosurg
subarachnoid hemorrhage. Curr Treat Options Neurol 2012;14:164-74. 2004;101:104-7.
12. Bulsara KR, Coates JR, Agrawal VK, Eifler DM, Wagner-Mann CC, 31. Indraswari F, Wang H, Lei B, James ML, Kernagis D, Warner DS,
Durham HE, Fine DM, Toft K. Effect of combined simvastatin and Dawson HN, Laskowitz DT. Statins improve outcome in murine models
cyclosporine compared with simvastatin alone on cerebral vasospasm of intracranial hemorrhage and traumatic brain injury: a translational
after subarachnoid hemorrhage in a canine model. Neurosurg Focus approach. J Neurotrauma 2012;29:1388-400.
2006;21:E11. 32. Chen J, Zhang ZG, Li Y, Wang Y, Wang L, Jiang H, Zhang C, Lu M,
13. McGirt MJ, Lynch JR, Parra A, Sheng H, Pearlstein RD, Laskowitz Katakowski M, Feldkamp CS, Chopp M. Statins induce angiogenesis,
DT, Pelligrino DA, Warner DS. Simvastatin increases endothelial nitric neurogenesis, and synaptogenesis after stroke. Ann Neurol
oxide synthase and ameliorates cerebral vasospasm resulting from 2003;53:743-51.
subarachnoid hemorrhage. Stroke 2002;33:2950-6. 33. Leker RR, Khoury ST, Rafaeli G, Shwartz R, Eichel R, Tanne D, NASIS
14. McGirt MJ, Pradilla G, Legnani FG, Thai QA, Recinos PF, Tamargo Investigators. Prior use of statins improves outcome in patients with
RJ, Clatterbuck RE. Systemic administration of simvastatin after the intracerebral hemorrhage: Prospective data from the National Acute
onset of experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage attenuates cerebral Stroke Israeli Surveys (NASIS). Stroke 2009;40:2581-4.
vasospasm. Neurosurgery 2006;58:945-51; discussion 945-51. 34. Goldstein LB, Amarenco P, Szarek M, Callahan A 3rd, Hennerici M,
15. Tseng MY, Czosnyka M, Richards H, Pickard JD, Kirkpatrick PJ. Sillesen H, Zivin JA, Welch KM; SPARCL Investigators. Hemorrhagic
Effects of acute treatment with pravastatin on cerebral vasospasm, stroke in the stroke prevention by Aggressive Reduction in Cholesterol
autoregulation, and delayed ischemic deficits after aneurysmal Levels study. Neurology 2008;70:2364-70.
subarachnoid hemorrhage: a phase Ⅱ randomized placebo-controlled 35. Hackam DG, Woodward M, Newby LK, Bhatt DL, Shao M, Smith
trial. Stroke 2005;36:1627-32. EE, Donner A, Mamdani M, Douketis JD, Arima H, Chalmers J,
16. Lynch JR, Wang H, McGirt MJ, Floyd J, Friedman AH, Coon AL, MacMahon S, Tirschwell DL,Psaty BM, Bushnell CD, Aguilar MI,
Blessing R, Alexander MJ, Graffagnino C, Warner DS, Laskowitz Capampangan DJ, Werring DJ, De Rango P, Viswanathan A, Danchin
DT. Simvastatin reduces vasospasm after aneurysmal subarachnoid N, Cheng CL, Yang YH, Verdel BM, Lai MS, Kennedy J, Uchiyama
hemorrhage: Results of a pilot randomized clinical trial. Stroke S, Yamaguchi T, Ikeda Y, Mrkobrada M. Statins and intracerebral
2005;36:2024-6. hemorrhage: collaborative systematic review and meta-analysis.
17. Chou SH, Smith EE, Badjatia N, Nogueira RG, Sims JR 2nd, Ogilvy Circulation 2011;124:2233-42.
CS, Rordorf GA, Ayata C. A randomized, double-blind, placebo- 36. Cholesterol Treatment Trialists’ C, Blackwell L, Emberson J, Holland
controlled pilot study of simvastatin in aneurysmal subarachnoid LE, Reith C, Bhala N, Peto R, Barnes EH, Keech A, Simes J, Collins
hemorrhage. Stroke 2008;39:2891-3. R. Efficacy and safety of more intensive lowering of LDL cholesterol:

Neuroimmunol Neuroinflammation | Volume 3 | June 20, 2016 139