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Figure 7. Nasal scope with irrigating sheath
Figure 8. A: free endoscope holder; B: holder attached to the operating table
use of micromanipulator and holder with navigation may allow for fine controlled endoscope movement,
[44]
as described by Lekovic and Rekate et al. in transventricular surgery for hypothalamic hamartomas.
Some of the other technological advances which have helped facilitate endoscopic surgeries include LASER,
endoscopic ultrasonic surgical aspirators, neuronavigation, ultrasound probes, tubular retractors, bone
ultrasonic surgical aspirator, robotic systems, and special drills.
