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Saleh et al.                                                                                                                                                                   Improvement of prostate cancer detection

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           Authors’ contributions                             11.  Weroha SJ, Haluska P. IGF system in cancer. Endocrinol Metab Clin
           All authors equally contributed to this study.        North Am 2012;41:335-50.
                                                              12.  Moschos SJ, Mantzoros CS. The role of the IGF system in cancer:
           Financial support and sponsorship                     from basic to clinical  studies and clinical  applications.  Oncology
           None.                                                 2002;63:317-32.
                                                              13.  Hamelers IH, Van Schaik RF, Sipkema J, Sussenbach JS, Steenbergh
           Conflicts of interest                                 PH. Insulin-like growth factor I triggers nuclear accumulation
           There are no conflicts of interest.                   of  cyclin  D1  in  MCF-7S  breast  cancer  cells.  J  Biol  Chem
                                                                 2002;277:47645-52.
           Patient consent                                    14.  Wang H, Rosen DG, Wang H, Fuller GN, Zhang W, Liu J. Insulin-
                                                                 like growth factor-binding protein 2 and 5 are differentially
           Patient consent was obtained from all participants. All   regulated in ovarian cancer of different histologic types. Mod Pathol
           participants were informed of the aim and procedures   2006;19:1149-56.
           and  were  assured  that they could  discontinue  their   15.  Luo SM, Tan WM, Deng WX, Zhuang SM, Luo JW. Expression of
           participation in  the  study  without any effect  on the   albumin, IGF-1, IGFBP-3 in tumor tissues and adjacent non-tumor
           medical care provided to them.                        tissues of hepatocellular carcinoma patients with cirrhosis. World J
                                                                 Gastroenterol 2005;11:4272-6.
           Ethics approval                                    16.  Rajaram S, Baylink DJ, Mohan S. Insulin-like growth factor-binding
           The Ethical Research Committee at  the Faculty of     proteins in serum and other biological fluids: regulation and functions.
                                                                 Endocr Rev 1997;18:801-31.
           Medicine,  Umm  Al  Qura  University,  and  affiliated   17.  LeRoith D, Roberts CT Jr. The insulin like growth factor system and
           hospitals approved this study. Informed consent was   cancer. Cancer Lett 2003;195:127-37.
           obtained from all patients and healthy subjects; the aim   18.  Krishnan AV, Peehl DM, Feldman D. The role of vitamin D in prostate
           of the study and the procedures that would be required   cancer. Recent Results Cancer Res 2003;164:205-21.
           were described to them beforehand. All subjects were   19.  Papatsoris AG, Karamouzis MV, Papavassiliou AG. Novel insights
           assured that  they  could choose to  discontinue their   into the implication of the IGF-1 network in prostate cancer. Trends
                                                                 Mol Med 2005;11:52-5.
           participation  in the study without  jeopardizing  the   20.  Djavan B, Amir Kazzazi A, Dulabon L, Margreiter M, Farr A, Handl
           medical care being given to them, including treatment   MJ,  Lepor  H.  Diagnostic  strategies  for  prostate  cancer.  Eur Urol
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