Page 40 - Read Online
P. 40

Hassan et al.                                                                                                                                Potential antioxidant activity of cape gooseberry against HCC

           secondary metabolites act as potent antioxidants   REFERENCES
           and it has been demonstrated that free radical     1.   Bouaziz H, Croute F, Boudawara T, Soleilhavoup JP, Zeghal N.
           scavenger/antioxidants such as SOD, CAT, TAC          Oxidative stress induced by fluoride in adult mice and their suckling
           and reduced glutathione (GSH) prevent the tissue      pups. Exp Toxicol Pathol 2007;58:339-49.
           damage induced by different toxicants. [59]  The first line   2.   Muriel P. Role of free radicals in liver diseases. Hepatol Inter
           of defense against superoxide anion (O 2 ), H 2 O 2  and   2009;3:526-36.
           (OH), the major ROS which induce cell degeneration   3.   Barrera G. Oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation products in cancer
                                                                 progression and therapy. ISRN Oncol 2012;2012:137289.
           by increasing LPO of cell membrane lipids, is the   4.   Hassan HA, Abdel-Aziz AF. Evaluation of free radical-scavenging
                                                        2-
           family of enzymes SOD and CAT that convert O  to      and anti-oxidant properties of black berry against fluoride toxicity in
           H 2 O 2 . The toxic end products of peroxidation induce   rats. Food Chem Toxicol 2010;48:1999-2004.
           damage to the structural and functional integrity of   5.   Serag HM, Hassan HA, Qadir MS. Efficiency of cape gooseberry
           cell membranes, break DNA strands, and denature       in attenuating some biochemical disorders and oxidative stress
           cellular proteins. The natural cellular antioxidant   associated with hepatocellular carcinoma. Wullfenia 2015;22:62-89.
           enzyme SOD is an important enzyme as because it is   6.   Hassan HA, Al-Rawi MM. Evaluation grape seeds proanthocyanidin
           found virtually in all aerobic organisms. O  is the only   extract as a hepatic-reno-protective agent against gibberellic acid
                                                2-
           known substrate for SOD which is considered to be     induced oxidative stress and cellular alterations. J Cytotechnol
           a stress protein, which is synthesized in response to   7.   2013;65:567-76.
                                                                 Hassan HA, Edress GM, El-Gamal E, El-Sayed EA. Amelioration
           oxidative stress. [60]                                of cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity by grape seed proanthocynidin
                                                                 extract and fish oil is mediated by lowering oxidative stress and DNA
           In conclusion, there is a significant relationship between   damage. J Cytotechnol 2014;66:419-29.
           HCC and free radical-mediated oxidative stress     8.   Facchini PJ, Bird DA, St-Pierre B. Can arabidopsis make complex
           demonstrated by increased levels of MDA as well as    alkaloids? Trends Plant Sci 2004;9:116-22.
           decreased levels of anti-oxidant parameters in the   9.   Hassan HA, El-Gharib NE, Azhari AF. Role of natural antioxidants
           examined organs of rats. The obtained data also strongly   in the therapeutic management of hepatocellular carcinoma.
                                                                 Hepatoma Res 2016;2:216-23.
           suggested the antioxidant activity of cape gooseberry   10.  Ramadan MF, Moersel JT. Goldenberry: a noval fruit source of fat
           supplementation, as evidenced by the greatly          soluble bioactives. J Inform 2004;15:130-1.
           positive effect on reduced oxidative stress as well as   11.  Szefer P, Nriagu J. Mineral components in foods. Taylor Francis, FL:
           improvement in the cellular anti-oxidant defense system   CRC Press; 2007. p. 480.
           antioxidant status. The underlying mechanisms for this   12.  Wang IK, Lin-Shiau SY, Lin JK. Induction of apoptosis by apigenin
           protective effect may be through various nutritional   and related flavonoids through cytochrome c release and activation
                                                                 of caspase-9 and caspase-3 in leukaremia HL-60 cells. J Eurpean
           constituents due, at least in part, to their synergistic anti-  Cancer 1999;35:1517-25.
           oxidant capacity as well as scavenging free radicals.   13.  Ramadan MF. Bioactive phytochemicals, nutritional value, and
           Thus, blocking the oxidative stress pathway may be    functi-onal properties of cape gooseberry (Physalis peruviana): an
           of therapeutic value in treatment of liver injury. These   overview. Food Res Inter 2011;44:1830-6.
           results suggest that CGJ-enriched diets should be   14.  Hassan HA, Serag HM, Abdel-Hamid NM, Amr MM. Synergistic
           added to diet regimens to develop a new therapeutic   curative effect of chicory extract and cisplatin against thioacetamide-
                                                                 induced hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatoma Res 2015;1:148-55.
           strategy for treatment of diseases associated with free   15.  Ramadan MF. Physalis peruviana pomace suppresses high-
           radicals generation. The fractionation and bioavailability   cholesterol diet-induced hypercholesterolemia in rats. J Int Fat Oil
           of the main constituents of cape gooseberry, which    2012;63:411-22.
           are responsible for the anti-oxidant activity, will be an   16.  Valdenegro M, Fuentes L, Herrera R, Moya-Leon MA. Changes in
           important area of study in the future.                antioxidant capacity during development and ripening of goldenberry
                                                                 (Physalis peruviana L.) fruit and in response to 1-methylcyclopropene
                                                                 treatment. Postharvest Biol Technol 2012;67:110-7.
           Financial support and sponsorship                  17.  Arun M, Asha VV. Preliminary studies on antihepatotoxic effect of
           None.                                                 Physalis peruviana Linn. (Solanaceae) against carbon tetrachloride
                                                                 induced acute liver injury in rats. J Ethnopharmacol 2007;111:110-4.
           Conflicts of interest                              18.  Chang JC, Lin CC, Wu SJ, Lin DL, Wang SS, Miaw CL, Ng LT.
           There are no conflicts of interest.                   Antioxidative and hepatoprotective effects of Physalis peruviana
                                                                 extract against acetaminophen induced liver injury in rats. Pharm
                                                                 Biol 2008;46:724-31.
           Patient consent                                    19.  Wu SJ, Ng LT, Lin DL, Wang SS, Lin CC. Physalisperuviana extract
           There is no patient involved.                         induces apoptosis in human Hep G2 cells through CD95/CD95L
                                                                 system and mitochondrial signalling transduction pathway. Cancer
           Ethics approval                                       Lett 2004;215:199-208.
           The local committee approved this study and the    20.  Pinto MS, Ranilla LG, Apostolidis E, Lajolo FM, Genovese MI.
                                                                 Evaluation of antihyperglycemia and antihypertension potential
           protocol conforms to the guidelines of the National   of native Peruvian fruits using in vitro models. J Med Food
           Institutes of Health.                                 2009;12:278-91.
             32                                                                                                     Hepatoma Research ¦ Volume 3 ¦ February 28, 2017
   35   36   37   38   39   40   41   42   43   44   45