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Hassan et al. Potential antioxidant activity of cape gooseberry against HCC

Table 1: Effect of CGJ administration on the tumor marker AFP and liver function enzymes activity in control and
different treated rat groups (means ± SE)
Serum Liver
Parameters groups
AFP (ng/mL) ALT (U/mL) AST (U/mL) ALP (IU/L) ALT (U/g ) AST (U/g) ALP (U/g)
Control 0.99 ± 0.10 34.66 ± 1.02 40.16 ± 0.62 93.63 ± 0.38 60.77 ± 0.67 18.77 ± 0.34 33.03 ± 0.67
CGJ 1.00 ± 0.94 33.16 ± 1.06 41.00 ± 0.60 91.56 ± 0.50 59.99 ± 2.49 18.90 ± 0.33 32.14 ± 1.12
HCC 2.57 ± 0.28 a,b 50.50 ± 1.76 a,b 60.50 ± 0.99 a,b 153.11 ± 1.68 a,b 42.41 ± 0.51 a,b 15.16 ± 0.26 a,b 54.99 ± 1.12 a,b
HCC + CGJ 1.25 ± 0.66 a,b,c 37.33 ± 1.05 c 45.63 ± 0.63 a,b,c 105.65 ± 0.38 a,b,c 52.16 ± 0.61 a,b,c 16.98 ± 0.31 a,b,c 43.50 ± 1.10 a,b,c
b
c
a P ≤ 0.05 vs. control, P ≤ 0.05 vs. CGJ, P ≤ 0.05 vs. HCC. HCC: hepatocellular carcinoma; CGJ: cape gooseberry juice; AFP: alpha-
fetoprotein; ALT: alanine transaminase; AST: aspartate transaminase; ALP: alkaline phosphatase
promote the carcinogenic effect of DENA. [23] to Acosta. [24] Aspartate transaminase (AST) activity,
alanine transaminase (ALT) activity and alkaline
Preparation of cape gooseberry juice phosphatase (ALP) were measured using colorimetric
Cape gooseberry (Physalis peruviana) was purchased kits purchased by ABC Diagnostic Kit, Cairo, Egypt. [25,26]
from local markets at Mansoura, Egypt. Fruits were Malondialdehyde (MDA) content was determined by
washed, cut into small pieces and freshly prepared juice the methods of Ohkawa et al. [27] Reduced glutathione
[500 g cape gooseberry juice (CGJ) up to 500 mL distilled (GSH) was analyzed based on the method of Prins
water, where each 1 mL juice contains 1 g cape and Losse. [28] Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and
gooseberry]. The cape gooseberry juice (1 mL/kg b.w.) catalase (CAT) activities were assayed as described
[29]
[30]
was shaken well just before oral administration by by Niskikimi et al. and Bock et al. respectively.
gavage. [17] Total antioxidant capacity (TAC) was determined using
commercial Biodiagnostic kits (Dokki, Giza, Egypt)
Experimental design according to the methods of Koracevic et al. [31]
After 2 weeks of acclimatization, the rats were
classified into 4 groups (6 rats/group) and treated for Statistical analysis
12 weeks as follows: group 1 (control) rats did not Data were subjected to statistical significance tests
receive any treatments; group 2 (CGJ): rats were using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), followed
[32]
orally administered with cape gooseberry juice by Duncan’s multiple range test. The statistical
(1 mL/kg b.w.); group 3 (HCC) rats were treated with analysis was carried out using SPSS 12.00 software.
a single intraperitoneal injection with DENA freshly The results were expressed as mean ± SE and the
dissolved in sterile 0.9% saline (200 mg/kg b.w.) and differences were considered significant at P ≤ 0.05.
2 weeks later given a subcutaneous injection of CCl 4
(3 mL/kg b.w. per week) for 10 weeks to promote the RESULTS
carcinogenic effect of DENA; group 4 (HCC + CGJ) The results of the present study [Table 1] recorded that
rats were treated with DENA (200 mg/kg b.w.) and
CCl 4 (3 mL/kg b.w. per week) plus CGJ (1 mL/kg b.w.). the HCC rats treated with DENA and CCl 4 resulted in
a significant increase in serum AFP level compared
Blood collection and tissue preparation to the control level, indicating the development of
HCC in rats. This elevation in AFP was accompanied
At the end of the experimental period (12 weeks), by the elevation of serum and liver ALT, AST and
blood samples were collected from overnight rats, ALP activity. The results in rats treated with CGJ
centrifuged at 860 g for 20 min at 4 °C and the alone were comparable to results in the control rats
separated sera were frozen at -20 °C for future group in most of the estimated parameters. However,
biochemical analysis. Then the rats were sacrificed by the administration of CGJ to the HCC rats was
cervical dislocation and the tissues (liver, kidney, brain associated with a significant improvement in all the
and testes) removed and decapsulated. These tissues tested parameters where the treatment succeeded in
were weighed and homogenized in saline solution. The reducing the elevation level of AFP, ALT, AST and ALP
homogenates were centrifuged at 860 g for 20 min at in both serum and liver [Table 1].
4 °C and the supernatants were frozen at -20 °C for
further analysis. Moreover, the administration of CGJ to HCC rats
succeeded in restoring oxidative stress through
Biochemical analysis decreases in MDA level and induced a significant
Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) level was estimated by improvement in the antioxidant biomarkers by the
immunoenzymatic colorimetric method according observed increase in GSH, TAC, SOD and CAT in all

Hepatoma Research ¦ Volume 3 ¦ February 28, 2017 29