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Experimental design
After an acclimatization period of 1 week, the animals
were divided into six groups (10 rats/group) and
housed in filter-top polycarbonate cages. The rats
were maintained on their respective diet for 8 weeks
as follows: (1) Untreated control; (2) FB -contaminated
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diet (80 mg/kg diet); (3) low dose of jojoba seed extract
(JELD) (0.5 mg/kg b.w.); (4) high dose of jojoba seed
extract (JEHD) (1.0 mg/kg b.w.); (5) FB -contaminated
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diet and treated with JELD; and (6) FB -contaminated
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diet and treated with JEHD. Body weight and food Figure 1: Chemical composition of the ethanol extract of jojoba seeds
intake were recorded daily throughout the treatment acid content was 6.83 mg/g, and simmondisin content
period. At the end of the treatment period, blood reached 12.43 mg/g [Figure 1].
samples were collected from the retro-orbital venous
plexus of all animals after fasting for 12 h. The Effect of jojoba seed extract on food intake and body
blood sample from each animal was left to clot and weight
centrifuged at 5,000 g under cooling for 10 min to The effect of different treatments on food intake
separate the serum for the determination of ALT, AST, indicated that the acute toxicity of FB first appeared
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ALP, triglycerides, cholesterol, NO, IL-1α, TNF-α, and as a significant decrease in food intake [Figure 2a].
CEA according to the respective kit instructions. After Animals fed FB -contaminated diet showed a significant
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collection of blood samples, all animals were sacrificed decrease in food intake throughout the treatment
and liver samples of each animal were dissected, period compared to the control group. Animals treated
weighed, and homogenized in phosphate buffer with jojoba seed extract at both the low and highdoses
(pH 7.4) to give 20% w/v homogenate. This homogenate also showed a gradual decrease in food intake which
was centrifuged at 1,700 g and 4 °C for 10 min and the became severe by the 7th week of treatment and
supernatant was stored at -70 °C for the determination was pronounced in the JEHD group. The combined
of lipid peroxidation by measuring the formed MDA treatment of FB and jojoba seed extract induced a
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using thiobarbituric acid reactive substances. The level significant improvement in food intake, although the
of lipid peroxidation was expressed as nmol MDA per food consumption was still lower than in the control
gram tissue. The liver homogenate was further diluted group. It is of interest to mention that the improvement
to give 5% homogenate (w/v), centrifuged at 3,000 g in food intake was pronounced in the group fed FB -
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for 5 min at 0 °C and used for the determination of contaminated diet and treated with JELD [Figure 2a].
SOD and TAC. Another liver sample of each animal was
dissected, excised, and fixed in 10% neutral formalin; The effect of different treatments on body weight
dehydrated in ascending grades of ethanol; cleaned in gain of rats is depicted in Figure 2b. Animals fed FB -
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xylene; and embedded in paraffin. Five micrometer thick contaminated diet failed to gain weight; however, animals
sections were prepared and stained with hematoxylin treated with jojoba seed extract showed slight weight
and eosin according to Drury et al. [33] gain, although there was a significant difference between
these groups and the control. Moreover, animals in the
Statistical analysis groups treated with the FB and jojoba seed extract did
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All data were statistically analyzed using the General not show any significant increase in body weight, and
Linear Models Procedure of the Statistical Analysis they were below the normal weight of the control group.
System. The significance of the differences among Animals receiving combined treatment of FB and jojoba
[34]
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treatment groups was determined by Waller-Duncan seed extract showed slightly higher weight gain than
k-ratio. All statements of significance were based on those receiving FB alone.
[35]
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probability of P ≤ 0.05.
Biochemical effects of treatment with FB and jojoba
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RESULTS seed extract
The biochemical results [Table 1] revealed that FB
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Composition of ethanol extract of jojoba seeds alone induced a significant increase in all biochemical
The results of this study revealed that ethanol extract of parameters tested. The jojoba seed extract alone at
jojoba seeds is rich in crude protein (27.32 g/100 g seeds) both low and high doses did not induce any significant
and total phenolic content (65.53 mg/100 g). Phytic changes in ALT, AST, and triglycerides. However, ALP

80 Hepatoma Research | Volume 2 | March 9, 2016