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A protective effect of the extract at 40 μg/mL was observed Profiles of RAPD-PCR and the number of bands that appeared
for the short exposure period and 14 out of 69 bands (20.29%) or disappeared in the DNA of hepatoma H4IIE-luc at various
disappeared, as compared to the 28 out of 69 bands (40.58%) exposure periods are shown in Table 4. A maximum of 9
for the longer period which disappeared. bands vanished in the mixture of FB at 200 μmol/L and AFB
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at 50 μmol/L plus the plant extract-treated cells for 48 h with
Meanwhile, bands also appeared at the short exposure OPD 15 primer. Whereas, the maximum appearance of 7 new
period, 43 new bands out of 66 bands were amplified bands were observed in the AFB at 50 μmol/L plus plant
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which represents 65.2%. In the same trend, at the longer extract-exposed cells at 48 h with OPD 15 too.
exposure period, 31 out of 65 appeared which represents
47.7% [Figure 4c]. The protective effect of the 40 μg/mL The percentage of DNA template stability in the treated cells
plant extract was observed as the production of new bands in comparison to the controls at various concentrations is
appeared at the short exposure period (24 h) since 22 out of presented in Figure 5. The results showed that there was a
66 bands emerged which represents 33.3% while at the long significant difference in the DNA template stability between
exposure period, 6 out of 66 bands occurred and represented the control and all the treated groups, no significant difference
9.09% [Figure 4d]. was observed in the DNA template stability between the

a b

c d
Figure 4: Genomic damage. The percentage of altered bands in each treatment of low and high concentration of FB and AFB detected by RAPD-PCR. (a) Average
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band loss after 24 h; (b) average band loss after 48 h; (c) average band gains after 24 h; and (d) average band gain after 48 h. FB : fumonisin B ; AFB : afl atoxin B ;
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RAPD: random amplifi cation of polymorphic DNA; PCR: polymerase chain reaction
Table 4: Frequency of appearance and disappearance of bands in the RAPD profi les of genomic DNA from cell line of
hepatoma (H4IIE-luc) of rats following exposure to FB and/or AFB for various time periods
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Name of Change Control FB FB AFB AFB AFB + FB AFB + FB AE AE + FB AE + FB AE + AFB AE + AFB AE + AFB AE AFB +
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
primer in RAPD (LC) (HC) (LC) (HC) (LC) (HC) (LC) (HC) (LC) (HC) + FB (LC) FB (HC)
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profi le
D7 A 0 3 5 4 4 0 6 0 0 2 1 0 1 0
D 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0
D9 A 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 5 0
D 0 0 0 1 3 3 2 0 0 6 3 0 0 2
D13 A 0 0 0 0 3 3 0 0 1 0 3 0 2 1
D 0 0 3 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 2 0 0
D15 A 0 0 0 1 4 6 3 0 2 1 7 0 0 0
D 0 3 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 6 9
D16 A 0 2 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
D 0 0 0 0 2 5 8 0 2 1 2 3 0 0
RAPD: random amplifi ed polymorphic DNA; FB : fumonisin B ; AFB : afl atoxin B ; AE: Amaranthus extract (40 μg/mL); LC: low concentration (1 μmol/L for FB and
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0.25 μmol/L for AFB ); HC: high concentration (200 μmol/L for FB and 50 μmol/L for AFB ); A: appeared; D: disappeared
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142 Hepatoma Research | Volume 1 | Issue 3 | October 15, 2015