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DECLARATIONS
Acknowledgments
The authors acknowledge the financial support provided by the National Natural Science Foundation of
China (U2005215), Anhui Province Science and Technology Major Project (202203a07020028), China
Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2023M743769), and Science and Technology Program of Xuzhou
(KC22017).

Authors’ contributions
Conceived the research, designed the experiments and prepared cells: Zhuang, Z.; Huang, Z.
Powder synthesis and conductivity test: Zhang, X.; Liu, K.; Zheng, G.
Discussed and revised the manuscript: Chen, T.; Sun, R.; Xu, L.; Wang, S.
All authors contributed to revising the manuscript.

Availability of data and materials
Data supporting the results of this study are available from the corresponding author upon request.

Financial support and sponsorship
The work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (U2005215),
Anhui Province Science and Technology Major Project (202203a07020028), China Postdoctoral Science
Foundation (2023M743769), and Science and Technology Program of Xuzhou (KC22017).

Conflicts of interest
All authors declared that there are no conflicts of interest.

Ethical approval and consent to participate
Not applicable.

Consent for publication
Not applicable.

Copyright
© The Author(s) 2025.

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