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Zhu et al. Energy Mater. 2025, 5, 500034 Energy Materials
DOI: 10.20517/energymater.2024.201

Article Open Access

Impact of compaction pressure on formation and

performance of garnet-based solid-state lithium
batteries

1
1,#
1
1
1
1
2,#
Jie Zhu , Yunfan Wu , Hongyi Zhang , Xujia Xie , Yong Yang , Hongyu Peng , Xiaochun Liang ,
1
3
1,*
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Qiongqiong Qi , Weibin Lin , Dong-Liang Peng , Laisen Wang , Jie Lin 1,*
1
College of Materials, State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Fujian Key Laboratory of Surface and
Interface Engineering for High Performance Materials, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials,
Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, Fujian, China.
2
State Key Laboratory of Space Power Sources, Shanghai Institute of Space Power-Sources, Shanghai 200245, China.
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Application Center Lab, Initial Energy Science and Technology, Xiamen 361000, Fujian, China.
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Authors contributed equally.
*Correspondence to: Prof. Jie Lin, College of Materials, State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Fujian Key
Laboratory of Surface and Interface Engineering for High Performance Materials, and Collaborative Innovation Center of
Chemistry for Energy Materials, Xiamen University, No. 422, Siming South Road, Xiamen 361005, Fujian, China. E-mail:
linjie@xmu.edu.cn; Prof. Laisen Wang, College of Materials, State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Fujian
Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Engineering for High Performance Materials, and Collaborative Innovation Center of
Chemistry for Energy Materials, Xiamen University, No. 422, Siming South Road, Xiamen 361005, Fujian, China. E-mail:
wangls@xmu.edu.cn
How to cite this article: Zhu, J.; Wu, Y.; Zhang, H.; Xie, X.; Yang, Y.; Peng, H.; Liang, X.; Qi, Q.; Lin, W.; Peng, D. L.; Wang, L.; Lin, J.
Impact of compaction pressure on formation and performance of garnet-based solid-state lithium batteries. Energy Mater. 2025,
5, 500034. https://dx.doi.org/10.20517/energymater.2024.201
Received: 30 Sep 2024 First Decision: 16 Nov 2024 Revised: 27 Nov 2024 Accepted: 6 Dec 2024 Published: 23 Jan 2025
Academic Editor: Yuping Wu Copy Editor: Fangling Lan Production Editor: Fangling Lan
Abstract
Compaction pressure directly determines the compactness of solid-state electrolytes (SSEs), which is crucial to
affect the electrochemical performance of solid-state lithium batteries (SLBs). Herein, Li La Zr Ta O (LLZTO)
6.5 3 1.5 0.5 12
pellets are compacted under various pressures before sintering to study the impact of compaction pressure on the
overall properties of LLZTO SSEs and their SLBs. Notably, the sample pressed at 600 MPa (LLZTO-600) exhibits
the highest compactness and the highest ionic conductivity due to improved particle contact and suppressed
lithium loss. Consequently, the Li|LLZTO-600|Li symmetric cell exhibits the best performance among the samples,
which can stably cycle for 1,500 h without short circuits. Meanwhile, the LiFePO |LLZTO-600|Li full cell can retain
4
94.8% of its initial capacity after 150 cycles with the lowest overpotential among the SSEs. This work highlights the
importance of tuning compaction pressure in developing high-performance SSEs and related SLBs.

Keywords: Compaction pressure, formation, garnet, solid-state electrolyte, solid-state lithium battery

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