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Li et al. Energy Mater 2023;3:300021 https://dx.doi.org/10.20517/energymater.2023.09 Page 13 of 16

durability of FePc/Se@NiFe-based rechargeable ZABs is obvious. All of these outstanding battery properties
prove that three-phase FePc/Se@NiFe is excellent for efficient, durable rechargeable ZABs.

CONCLUSION
In summary, the FePc mixed nickel-iron bimetallic selenide electrocatalysts for high-performance ORR and
OER catalysis in basic media have successfully been synthesized by a facile and effective hydrothermal
method. FePc was introduced to generate Fe-N structures with graphitized and disordered carbon,
4
Se@NiFe was used to derive the Se, Fe O and Ni Se crystal phases, Fe-N was formed to impart ORR
3
4
4
4
3
activity, and Ni Se moieties were in charge of OER. The as-prepared FePc/Se@NiFe catalyst manifests
3
4
superior electrocatalytic activities toward ORR (E ~0.928 V) and OER (E ~320 mV), outperforms that of
1/2
j=10
the conventional Pt/C and RuO catalysts. The ΔE was only 0.622 V, better than that of Pt/C + RuO
2
2
electrocatalysts (~0.685 V) and most of the previous state-of-the-art dual-functional transition metal
selenide catalysts. Moreover, the catalyst possesses a prominent durability for the ORR and OER processes
after 5,000 cycles ADT and 24 h I-T. The higher open circuit voltage, power density, specific capacity, lower
charge/discharge overpotential, and longer cycle stability endow FePc/Se@NiFe with superior ZAB
performance over Pt/C + RuO hybrid catalysts. This work is expected to guide the synthesis of other non-
2
precious metal oxygen bifunctional catalysts from active site design and their successful application in clean
energy storage and conversion devices.
DECLARATIONS
Authors’ contributions
Conceptualization, Methodology, and Writing the draft of the manuscript: Li G
Contributed to the Methodology of this work: Sheng K
Electrochemical measurements: Lei Y
Provided some help in writing the draft of the manuscript: Zhang F, Yang J
Materials characterization: Chang B
Funding acquisition, review, and editing: Zheng L
Funding acquisition, writing-review, and editing: Wang X

Availability of data and materials
The data supporting this work can be found in the Supplementary Material.

Financial support and sponsorship
This work was supported financially by Key Project of Strategic New Industry of Hunan Province (No.
2019GK2032), National Key Research and Development Program of China (No. 2018YFB0104200), Science
and Technology Innovation Program of Hunan Province (No. 2020RC2075), and Hunan Provincial Natural
Science Foundation of China (No. 2022JJ30560).

Conflict of interest
All authors declared that there are no conflicts of interest.

Ethical approval and consent to participate
Not applicable.

Consent for publication
Not applicable.