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Figure 2. Causal relationship diagram of the comprehensive benefit model for logistics vehicle electrification.
Figure 3. Flow diagram of the benefit evaluation model system for logistics vehicle electrification.
In the environmental benefit subsystem, there are two auxiliary variables: carbon price (Pc) and the
environmental benefit of logistics vehicle electrification (EE), with the whole vehicle carbon emissions of
electrified logistics vehicles (Nc) being a constant. The purpose of establishing the environmental benefit
subsystem is to evaluate the environmental management cost savings that can be achieved by replacing
