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O’Reilly et al. Art Int Surg 2022;2:173-6 Artificial
DOI: 10.20517/ais.2022.26
Intelligence Surgery

Editorial Open Access

Artificial intelligence HPB surgery - current
problems, future solutions?

1
Derek A. O’Reilly , Henry A. Pitt 2
1
Department of General Surgery, Beijing United Family Hospital (BJU), Beijing 100015, China.
2
Division of Surgical Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08903-2681, USA.
Correspondence to: Prof. Derek A. O’Reilly, Department of General Surgery, Beijing United Family Hospital (BJU), Jiangtai Road,
Chaoyang District, Beijing 100015, China. E-mail: doreilly@doctors.org.uk; Prof. Henry A. Pitt, Division of Surgical Oncology,
Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, 195 Little Albany Street, New Brunswick, NJ 08903-2681, USA. E-mail:
Henry.Pitt@rwjbh.org

How to cite this article: O’Reilly DA, Pitt HA. Artificial intelligence HPB surgery - current problems, future solutions? Art Int Surg
2022;2:173-6. https://dx.doi.org/10.20517/ais.2022.26
Received: 24 Aug 2022 Accepted: 7 Sep 2022 Published: 26 Sep 2022

Academic Editor: Andrew A. Gumbs Copy Editor: Peng-Juan Wen Production Editor: Peng-Juan Wen

In the inaugural editorial of this journal, Andrew Gumbs described artificial intelligence (AI) as follows: “AI
involves the use of a computer to interpret a situation and/or help accomplish a task, and in short to make
our lives easier and better” . Other definitions are available but this premise, that AI should be a tool to
[1]
help us solve the real, urgent, existing problems in our clinical practice is paramount to the promise of AI
for hepato-pancreato-biliary (HPB) surgery.

AI consists of several subfields. Machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) are algorithms structured to
mimic the human brain to be able to interpret more complex situations and make better decisions. Natural
language processing (NLP) emphasizes building a computer’s ability to understand human language and is
crucial for large scale analyses of content such as electronic medical record data, as well as language
translation. Computer vision (CV) is a specific area of AI that enables computers to effectively perceive and
understand visual things, like x-rays, scans, pathology slides and operative video. Enhanced computer vision
with augmented reality, virtual reality, and mixed reality are fields of AI that are considered to have the
[2]
greatest potential to positively improve surgical outcomes and reduce complications .

© The Author(s) 2022. Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0
International License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, sharing,
adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, for any purpose, even commercially, as
long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and
indicate if changes were made.

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