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Page 26 of 35 Xing et al. Microstructures 2023;3:2023031 https://dx.doi.org/10.20517/microstructures.2023.11

Table 4. Summary of ion sieving membranes
Membrane Base material Assembly method Pore size Ion/Ion Selectivity
+
COF (TpBDMe2) COF Interfacial growth strategy 1.4 nm K /Mg 2+ 765
[197]
membrane
[198] + +
COF-300/PS membrane COF-300 and polystyrene N/A 1 nm K /Li 31.5
(PS)
[199]
GOM GO Vacuum filtration 13.9 Å Lanthanides/actinides ~ 400
+
C@TM [200] Ti C T Suction-filtered 4.8 ± 0.1 Å Li /Mg 2+ 30
3 2 x
[201] + +
EDA–GO GO Vacuum filtration 5.82 Å-6.04 K /Na 1.5-5
Å
[202]
s-MOF-801 polycrystalline MOF-801 Secondary growth method 6.2 Å H/V 194
[203] + 2+
COF-based membrane COF Interfacial polymerization 2.34 nm Li /Mg 64
[204] +
GPETNC graphene Asymmetric track-etching K /ions 4.6
technique
+
KCl-controlled GO GO Vacuum filtration 10.7 Å Na /Mg 2+ 30.6
[205]
membranes

Figure 11. Conclusion and outlook of the development of the 2D-material-based membranes from the preparation of starting materials
2D nanosheets, the strategies of constructing nanochannels, the strategies of regulating the characteristics of nanochannels (channel
size, channel length, channel morphology, and channel surface physicochemical properties), and the outlook to eventual
commercialization.

to the process of “bricks” to “house”, and the selection of assembly strategy (e.g., pressure/vacuum filtration,
spin coating, etc.) is crucial, as a suitable assembly method often leads to the right membrane.

A well-renovated and furnished “house” holds great value. Modifying the nanochannel of the membranes is
similar to the “renovation” process. We comprehensively summarized the regulation strategies from four
modifiable nanochannel properties, i.e., channel size, channel length, channel morphology, and the surface
chemical property, in Section "REGULATING NANOCHANNELS". The appropriate regulating strategy