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including selective ion, molecular, and particle transport, have important implications for energy-efficient
operation, resource conservation, carbon capture, biogas purification, green hydrogen production, and
energy storage. This avenue of research offers great promise for shaping a cleaner, more sustainable world.

DECLARATIONS
Authors’ contributions
Draft writing, literature summary, picture production, language polishing, format adjustment: Xing C
Article frame writing, draft writing, literature summary: Zhang M
Literature summary, picture production: Liu L
Format adjustment: Zheng Z
Language polishing, format adjustment, literature summary: Zhou M
Financial support, article frame writing, language polishing: Liu C
Financial support, article frame writing, language polishing, supervision: Zhang S

Availability of data and materials
Not applicable.

Financial support and sponsorship
This research was supported by Griffith University Ph.D. Scholarship, the National Natural Science
Foundation of China (Nos. 22274117 and 22008182), the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong
Province (No. 2021A1515010376), and the Education Department of Guangdong Province (No.
2020ZDZX2015).

Conflicts of interest
All authors declared that there are no conflicts of interest.

Ethical approval and consent to participate
Not applicable.

Consent for publication
Not applicable.

Copyright
© The Author(s) 2023.

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