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Hou et al. Microstructures 2023;3:2023039 Microstructures
DOI: 10.20517/microstructures.2023.37

Review Open Access

Metal-organic frameworks as promising flame

retardants for polymeric materials

1
1
Boyou Hou , Ye-Tang Pan , Pingan Song 2,3
1
National Engineering Research Center of Flame Retardant Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute
of Technology, Beijing 100081, China.
2
Centre for Future Materials, University of Southern Queensland, Springfield 4300, Australia.
3
School of Agriculture and Environmental Science, University of Southern Queensland, Springfield 4350, Australia.
Correspondence to: Assoc. Prof. Ye-Tang Pan, National Engineering Research Center of Flame Retardant Materials, School of
Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China. E-mail: pyt@bit.edu.cn; Prof. Pingan
Song, Centre for Future Materials, University of Southern Queensland, Springfield 4300, Australia; School of Agriculture and
Environmental Science, University of Southern Queensland, Springfield 4350, Australia. E-mail: pingan.song@usq.edu.au/
pingansong@gmil.com

How to cite this article: Hou B, Pan YT, Song P. Metal-organic frameworks as promising flame retardants for polymeric
materials. Microstructures 2023;3:2023039. https://dx.doi.org/10.20517/microstructures.2023.37

Received: 19 Jul 2023 First Decision: 10 Aug 2023 Revised: 24 Aug 2023 Accepted: 11 Sep 2023 Published: 10 Oct 2023
Academic Editor: Zhanxi Fan Copy Editor: Fangyuan Liu Production Editor: Fangyuan Liu

Abstract
This article presents a vision for advancing the development of next-generation flame-retardant materials through
the utilization of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs). The proposed vision is centered on four key areas:
industrialization, multifunctionality, ligand synthesis, and derivatives. By optimizing production processes,
customizing MOFs for specific properties and applications, and developing novel ligands and derivatives, the
effectiveness and versatility of MOFs as flame-retardant materials can be significantly enhanced. This vision
represents a promising direction for the field that has the potential to address critical safety concerns across
various industries.
Keywords: Microstructures, metal-organic frameworks, multifunction, industrialization, flame retardant

INTRODUCTION
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are a type of porous material composed of metal ions or clusters linked
by organic ligands. Their development can be traced back to the 1990s when researchers were exploring

© The Author(s) 2023. Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0
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adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, for any purpose, even commercially, as
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