Page 104 - Read Online
P. 104

Myasoedova et al.                                                                                                                                                       D-dimer, inflammation and atherosclerosis

           predict future acute myocardial infarction (odds   Conflicts of interest
           ratio of 2.5) and cardiovascular death (odds ratio of   There are no conflicts of interest.
           4.0).  Interestingly, D-d level was also independently
               [6]
           associated with cardiac events incidence (odds ratio   Patient consent
           of 2.0) in post-menopausal women. [6]              Not applicable.

           A recent review by Soomro et al.  indicated the role   Ethics approval
                                         [7]
           of D-d as a prominent circulating biomarker. Indeed, in   Not applicable.
           patients with peripheral aortic disease (PAD), D-d level
           linearly increased with severity of the disease, both in   REFERENCES
           males and females. In addition to PAD progression,
           D-d was proven to predict also future coronary events.   1.   Parolari  A,  Tremoli E, Songia P, Pilozzi  A, Di Bartolomeo R,
           The increment of D-d in patients with atherosclerosis   Alamanni F, Mestres CA, Pacini D. Biological features of thoracic
           could be explained by the fact that the atherosclerotic   aortic  diseases.  Where  are  we  now,  where  are  we  heading  to:
           process may lead to fibrinolysis.                     established and emerging biomarkers and molecular pathways. Eur
                                                                 J Cardiothorac Surg 2013;44:9-23.
           In conclusion, the accumulating evidence suggests   2.   Mori K, Tamune H, Tanaka H, Nakamura M. Admission values of
           that D-d level can be helpful for diagnostic and risk   D-dimer and C-reactive protein (CRP) predict the long-term outcomes
           stratification  of  patients  with  acute  cardiac  states   in acute aortic dissection. Intern Med 2016;55:1837-43.
           as well as atherosclerosis. We need to focus our   3.   Gorla R, Erbel R, Kuehl H, Kahlert P, Tsagakis K, Jakob H, Mahabadi
           attention to the relationship between inflammation and   AA, Schlosser T, Bockisch A, Eggebrecht H, Bossone E, Janosi RA.
           hemostasis to identify D-d biological mechanisms and   Prognostic  value  of  (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose  PET-CT  imaging  in
           effects. Moreover, further studies are needed in order   acute aortic syndromes: comparison with serological biomarkers of
                                                                 inflammation. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging 2015;31:1677-85.
           to  understand  the  real  potential  of  this  biomarker.   4.   Parolari A, Cavallotti L, Andreini D, Myasoedova V, Banfi C, Camera
           Finally,  specific  studies,  aimed  to  identify  a  D-d   M, Poggio P, Barili F, Pontone G, Mussoni L, Centenaro C, Alamanni F,
           plausible cut-off in patients with atherosclerosis, will   Tremoli E; Coronary Bypass Grafting: Factors Related to Late Events
           allow its use in clinical practice.                   and Graft Patency (CAGE) study investigators. D-dimer is associated
                                                                 with  arterial  and  venous  coronary  artery  bypass  graft  occlusion.  J
           DECLARATIONS                                          Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2017; doi: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2017.04.043.
                                                              5.   Gong P, Yang SH, Li S, Luo SH, Zeng RX, Zhang Y, Guo YL, Zhu
           Authors’ contributions                                CG, Xu RX, Li JJ. Plasma  d-Dimer  as  a useful  marker predicts
           Did literature review and composed first draft of article:   severity  of  atherosclerotic  lesion  and  short-term  outcome  in
           V.A. Myasoedova, P. Poggio                            patients  with  coronary  artery  disease.  Clin  Appl Thromb Hemost
           Reviewed  data  and  worked  on  the  subsequent      2016;22:633-40.
           revisions: A. Parolari                             6.   Itakura H, Sobel BE, Boothroyd D, Leung LL, Iribarren C, Go AS,
                                                                 Fortmann SP, Quertermous T, Hlatky MA; Atherosclerotic Disease,
           Reviewed  progress of  the article at each step,  and   Vascular Function and Genetic Epidemiology Advance (ADVANCE)
           finalized the manuscript: V.A. Myasoedova, P. Poggio,   Study. Do plasma biomarkers of coagulation and fibrinolysis differ
           A. Parolari                                           between patients who have experienced an acute myocardial infarction
                                                                 versus stable exertional angina? Am Heart J 2007;154:1059-64.
           Financial support and sponsorship                  7.   Soomro AY, Guerchicoff A, Nichols DJ, Suleman J, Dangas GD. The
           This  work  was  supported  by  the  Fondazione  Gigi  e   current role and future prospects of D-dimer biomarker. Eur Heart J
           Pupa Ferrari ONLUS.                                   Cardiovasc Pharmacother 2016;2:175-84.





















                          Vessel Plus ¦ Volume 1 ¦ September 26, 2017                                      97
   99   100   101   102   103   104   105   106   107   108   109