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Yang et al. Soft Sci. 2025, 5, 46 https://dx.doi.org/10.20517/ss.2025.44 Page 19 of 39

Figure 7. Typical application examples of drug delivery and in vivo analyte detection. (A) Demonstration of the feasibility of laser-
triggered photothermal unsealing of PTMF chambers in three different environments: air (a), deionized water (b), and 1% agarose gel
(b), with laser beams transmitted through optical fibers [45] . Copyright 2020, Elsevier; (B) Functionalization processes in silicon dioxide
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and hydrogel fibers (a and b) and glucose-boron complexation in the hydrogel matrix inducing positive volumetric shift (c) .
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Copyright 2019, Elsevier; (C) Schematic diagram of the ARC/Ag/MOF sensor structure . Copyright 2023, Elsevier; (D)
Polymerization of the sensing gel at the tip of the optical fiber during the manufacturing process of the OF sensor (a) and integration of
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AuNPs into PBA-based hydrogel OF sensor (b) . Copyright 2024, Wiley; (E) Experimental setup for detection of hemoglobin not
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drawn to scale (a-e) . Copyright 2023, Elsevier; (F) Schematic illustration of npRDW TFs for neurotransmitters’ SERS signal detection
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(a) and optical images (b) and SEM images of the npRDW TF (c) . Copyright 2023, Wiley. PTMF: Polymer 3D microstructured film;
ARC: ab initio REPEAT charge; MOF: metal-organic framework; OF: optical fiber; AuNPs: Au nanoparticles; PBA: phenylboronic acid;
npRDW: nonplanar repeated dewetting; TFs: tapered fibers; SERS: surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy; SEM: scanning electron
microscope.
for SPR sensing proposed by Li et al. filled the gap of D-shaped plastic optical fiber (D-POF) SPR sensors in
[176]
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the field of high-sensitivity detection of low glucose concentrations . As shown in Figure 7D , Ahmed