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Yang et al. Soft Sci. 2025, 5, 46 https://dx.doi.org/10.20517/ss.2025.44 Page 23 of 39

Figure 9. (A) The S-POF sensing part embedded in the key position of the insole is combined with the smartphone (a), plot of signal data
[49]
for three gait cycles (b), and the direction of gait causes differences in plantar pressure distribution (c) . Copyright 2024, American
Chemical Society; (B) PDMS fiber under the relaxing and stretching states (a), schematic design and board design (b and c), and
wearable sensor testing on the wrist and elbow (d and e) [158] . Copyright 2024, Optica Publishing Group; (C) Schematic diagram of the
WPOMF sensor (a), potential applications of the WPOMF sensor (b), and one-dimensional convolutional neural network-assisted
sensor pronunciation recognition experiment (c and d) [154] . Copyright 2024, American Chemical Society. S-POF: Solaris polymer optical
fiber; PDMS: polydimethylsiloxane; WPOMF: wavy polymer optical microfiber.

achieve controlled modulation measurement coupled with a light source with low cost, high reliability, and
[203]
flexibility . Zhang et al. proposed a noncontact bendable sensitive sensor that uses a semiring optical fiber
(SROF) waveguide made of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) integrated with a wearable knee brace .
[152]
The sensor responded synchronously with the subject’s muscle deformation during movement, and four
abnormal gaits and one normal gait were identified through data processing. With respect to health assistive