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Yan et al. Soft Sci. 2025, 5, 8 https://dx.doi.org/10.20517/ss.2024.66 Page 9 of 34

Figure 3. Flexible EMI materials based on carbon nanomaterials. (A) Preparation, EMI performance, and mechanism of
CCA@rGO/PDMS. Reproduced with permission from ref [98] . Copyright 2021, Springer Nature Link; (B) Preparation of GNP/PU
nanocomposites and EMI mechanism. Reproduced with permission from ref [99] . Copyright 2022, Elsevier; (C) Preparation of QMCA-
PDMS composites. Reproduced with permission from ref [103] . Copyright 2014, Royal Society of Chemistry; (D) Preparation, EMI shielding
performance, and mechanism of CNTs/GTR composites. Reproduced with permission from ref [104] . Copyright 2017, Elsevier; (E)
Preparation, EMI performance, and mechanism of SWCNTs/rGO-loaded polyester fabrics. Reproduced with permission from ref [109] .
Copyright 2022, Springer Nature Link. EMI: Electromagnetic interference; CCA: cellulose graphene carbon aerogel; rGO: reduced
graphene oxide; PDMS: polydimethylsiloxane; GNP: graphene nanoparticle; PU: polyurethane; QMCA: quantum-modified carbon
aerogel; CNTs: carbon nanotubes; GTR: waste tire rubber; SWCNTs: single-walled CNTs.

exhibits excellent mechanical characteristics and thermal conductivity, which are promising for portable
wearable electronics applications. Tahalyani et al. synthesized graphene nanoparticles (GNPs) by microwave