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Page 14 of 21                             Liu et al. Soft Sci 2024;4:44  https://dx.doi.org/10.20517/ss.2024.59

































































                Figure 9. (A) Hydrogel thermocells are designed for wearable, flexible electronics and human health monitoring applications.
                Reproduced with  permission [63] . Copyright 2023, Wiley-VCH Verlag; (B) Schematic illustration of the self-powered PTE patch for
                human motion detection, the main features of movements such as walking, jogging, and running are recognized by the PTE patch.
                Reproduced with  permission [136] . Copyright 2023, Elsevier B.V; (C) Photographs of a smart glove integrated with multiple thermal
                sensor arrays. Reproduced with permission [121] . Copyright 2023, Open Access. iTE: Ionic thermoelectric.


                                         3-
                                4-
               converted the FeCN  to FeCN  and facilitated H  production from H O, increasing the amount of FeCN
                                                                                                         3-
                                                                           2
                                                         2
               on the cold side . The authors also used in-situ Raman spectroscopy to test the species distribution of the
                             [139]
               system. They found that high concentration difference distribution can indeed be achieved and can exist
               stably, achieving the effect of stable and efficient operation of the thermoelectric battery under light. In
               addition to theoretical feasibility, the system exhibited a thermopower of 8.2 mV·K  in actual application
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