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Zhou et al. Soft Sci. 2026, 6, 10 Page 9 of 47

Figure 3. Inorganic materials for MEGT. (A) A g-GOF prepared by MeA method [94] . Reproduced with permission. Copyright 2015, John
Wiley & Sons; (B) Laser-directed irradiation of GO block for the preparation of heterostructure GO structure [87] . Reproduced under CC BY
license from Yaxin Huang, 2018, Nature Communications; (C) MXene aerogel atmospheric moisture collection device [100] . Reproduced
with permission. Copyright 2024, American Chemical Society; (D) Structure of 1T-MoS 2 cotton and 2H-MoS 2 /CSilk [98] . Reproduced with
permission. Copyright 2023, American Chemical Society; (E) Structure diagram of g-O-BP device [62] . Reproduced with permission.
Copyright 2024, John Wiley & Sons; (F) Structure of nano-structured silicon moisture generator and SEM image of cross section of
SiNWs [58] . Reproduced with permission. Copyright 2023, Elsevier B.V; (G) Device based on an ion-diode-type PN junction and SEM images
of top electrode and AAO side view [104] . Reproduced under CC BY license from Yong Zhang, 2022, Nature Communications. MEGT:
Moisture-electric generation textile; g-GOF: gradient graphene oxide film; GO: graphene oxide; g-O-BP: oxygen defect gradient on the
surface of black phosphorus aerogel; SEM: scanning electron microscopy; SiNWs: silicon nanowires; PN: positive-negative; AAO: anodized
aluminum oxide; CNT: carbon nanotube.

charge transport pathway forms internally, enabling electrical signal output . Scanning electron microscopy
[58]
(SEM) images reveal that the SiNWs aggregate at the top to form a dense network of nanoconductors,
providing efficient pathways for water molecule permeation and ion migration. Metal oxide nanomaterials
such as titanium dioxide (TiO ) [102] and aluminum oxide (Al O ) nanowires [103] , possessing excellent charge
3
2
2
transport capabilities and ordered arrangements, are also suitable for MEGT power-generating layers. Zhang
et al. constructed a device based on an ion-diode-type PN junction [Figure 3G], composed of a nanoporous
carbon nanotube (CNT) film and an anodized aluminum oxide (AAO) film [104] . SEM images show that the
CNT film has an abundant pore structure facilitating water vapor transmission, while the AAO film exhibits
well-defined nanoscale channels with excellent structural tunability. Together, these components achieve
highly efficient humidity response and effective charge separation.