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In addition, future flexible sensor arrays must realize self-calibration, self-learning, and self-adaptation. On
the one hand, the integration of online self-calibration mechanisms helps to compensate for errors caused
by long-term sensor drift or environmental changes. On the other hand, the introduction of advanced
algorithms can enable the sensor to adapt to individual differences and the diversity of the usage
environment, and enhance the universality and extensibility of the system.

(3) Industrialization and standardization

Flexible sensor arrays have seen many breakthroughs in laboratory research, but large-scale
commercialization requires further optimization. First, in terms of large-scale manufacturing, the current
mainstream laboratory preparation methods, such as scratch coating, transfer printing, and laser etching,
are still difficult to meet the industrial demand for high consistency, and low cost. In the future, we should
focus on the development of scalable processing technologies, such as flexible printing, and other processes,
which can take into account the accuracy and capacity, and are suitable for large-scale manufacturing of
various flexible substrates. At the same time, it is necessary to focus on packaging and integration processes
to support the integration of complex array structures and integrated components. The current lack of
unified performance evaluation standards is one of the barriers to realizing the industrialization of sensors.
Different research organizations tend to use self-made test platforms, resulting in a lack of comparability
and reproducibility of results. Therefore, in the future, we should promote the development of unified
standards covering key indicators such as sensitivity, response time, stability, flexibility, durability, and
environmental adaptability. In addition, taking into account the special needs in wearable applications and
other fields, application-oriented tests should also be established in the future, such as dynamic response
testing in real-world environments, stability evaluation after multiple bends, and durability testing in
different environments. This will not only help improve the reliability of the device, but also accelerate the
industrialization of the use of sensor parts.

In summary, by improving the industrial chain synergy mechanism and developing standardized
manufacturing and testing systems, flexible sensors can be transformed from ‘laboratory concepts’ to
‘practical products’ [Figure 15].

Figure 15. Outlook of flexible sensor array including material and structure, intelligent data processing, industrialization and
standardization.