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Keum et al. Soft Sci 2024;4:34 https://dx.doi.org/10.20517/ss.2024.26 Page 7 of 32

Figure 4. Metal-based electrodes and interconnects for stretchable display applications. (A) (i) A stretchable conductor structure using
patterned AgNW layers, and (ii) LED array using AgNW stretchable electrodes and PDMS/phosphor substrates [24] . Copyright 2017,
Wiley-VCH; (B) Optical images of LM-based interconnects and stretchable 4 × 4 micro-LED array. The micro-LED array function under
24% biaxial stretching [37] . Copyright 2023, Wiley-VCH; (C) (i) Image of photothermal-patterned stretchable Ag flake-PDMS composite.
(ii) Operation of a passive matrix LED array fabricated using Ag-flake/PDMS interconnects [31] . Copyright 2023, ACS Publications.
AgNW: Silver nanowire; LED: light-emitting diode; PDMS: polydimethylsiloxane; LM: liquid metal.

stretching. In detail, most of Ag flakes (~80%) were redistributed and aggregated near the top and bottom
surfaces of the composite, leading to the formation of highly conductive pathways. Consequently, the
electrical conductivity of ~10 S·cm could be achieved. Moreover, the stretchable conductor exhibited good
4
-1
cycle durability under 1,000% stretching.
Conductive polymers
Another material candidate for stretchable electrodes and interconnects is the intrinsically stretchable
conducting polymers. MNWs with high aspect ratios and metal micro- and nano-particles/flakes capable of
self-organization upon deformation are promising fillers for stretchable devices. However, the percolation-