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Page 30 of 38 Zhu et al. Soft Sci 2024;4:17 https://dx.doi.org/10.20517/ss.2024.05

requirements for non-toxicity and biocompatibility are more demanding, so we believe that some hydrogel
materials with superior biocompatibility will be more suitable for applications in this field. On the other
hand, it is clear that this is an extremely complex field that relies on the intimate cooperation of many
disciplines such as biology, neurology, medicine, materials science, information science, ethics, mechanics,
and so on.

DECLARATIONS
Authors’ contributions
Determined the content and structure of the manuscript: Pang J, He P
Review and revise the manuscript: Li Z, Zhang S
Researching the literature and writing the manuscript: Zhu P
All authors have read the manuscript and approved the final version.

Availability of data and materials
Not applicable.

Financial support and sponsorship
The authors acknowledge the financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China
(No. 52375327) and the Heilongjiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (No. YQ2022E024).

Conflicts of interest
All authors declared that there are no conflicts of interest.

Ethical approval and consent to participate
Figures 3C, 4D, 5A, 5B, 6C, 12A, 12C, 13A, 13C and 14A are cited from the researches in
refs. [62,72,82,83,95,199,200,215,217,224,225] , respectively, showing partial body parts of the participants in the experiment. The
purpose of these citations is to present the relevant research results and experimental methods more
intuitively. The original images have been rigorously reviewed during the production of relevant
illustrations to ensure the protection of the privacy of the experimental participants.

Consent for publication
Figures 5A, 5B, and 6C are cited from the researches in refs. [82,83,95] , respectively, showing faces of
the participants in the experiment. The original images have been rigorously reviewed during the
production of relevant illustrations to ensure the protection of the privacy of the experimental
participants.

Copyright
© The Author(s) 2024.

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