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Table 1: Nine highlighted publications
Author Year Study Objective Number Results
Miller and Johnstone [33] 2001 Meta-analysis To determine the significance of 4,680 HPV is detected with increased frequency
the relationship of HPV in the in oral dysplastic and carcinomatous
progressive development of oral epithelium in comparison with normal oral
cancer mucosa
Kreimer et al. [14] 2005 Meta-analysis To describe the prevalence and type 5,046 Tumor site-specific HPV prevalence was
distribution of HPV by anatomic higher among studies from North America
cancer site compared with Europe and Asia
Ragin and Taioli [35] 2007 Meta-analysis To study the overall relationship 3,151 The improved OS and DFS for HPV+
between HPV infection and OS and HNSCC patients is specific to the
DFS in HNSCC oropharynx; these tumours may have a
distinct etiology from those tumours in non-
oropharyngeal sites
Jayaprakash et al. [34] 2011 Meta-analysis To provide a prevalence estimate for 458 HPV-16/18 were 3 times more common in
HPV-16/18 in OPD dysplastic lesions (OR, 3.29; 95% CI, 1.95-
5.53%) and invasive cancers (OR, 3.43;
95% CI, 2.07-5.69%), when compared to
normal biopsie
Rosenquist et al. [32] 2007 Prospective To evaluate the influence of different 128 High-risk HPV cases have a higher risk of
risk factors for recurrence or the recurrence/second primary tumours, but
appearance of new second primary lower risk of death in intercurrent disease,
in the OSCC compared with HPV-
Fakhry et al. [36] 2008 Prospective To evaluate the association between 96 HPV+ HNSCC respond better to QT and
tumour HPV status with the RT-QT, with better overall survival rate
therapeutic response and survival at two years and reduced risk of disease
progression than HPV-
Rischin et al. [37] 2011 Prospective To determine the prognostic 185 HPV+ OPC is a distinct entity with a
significance of p16 and HPV in favorable prognosis (when compared with
patients with OPC HPV-). When it is treated with cisplatin-
based chemotherapy
Ang et al. [38] 2010 Retrospective To study the association between 743 Among patients with OPC, tumor HPV
tumor HPV status and survival in status is a strong and independent
stage III and IV OPD prognostic factor for survival
Lassen et al. [39] 2014 Retrospective To test the hypothesis that the 1,294 The prognostic impact of HPV- associated
impact of HPV/p16 also extends to p16-expression may be restricted to OPC
non-OP tumours only
Nine highlighted publications are summarized because of their high number of patients, recent date of publication, good study design and highly cited in the literature,
including 4 meta-analysis, [14,33-35] 3 prospective studies, [32,36,37] and 2 retrospective studies. [38,39] HPV: human papillomavirus; OPD: oropharyngeal dysplasias; OP:
oropharyngeal; OPC: oropharyngeal cancer; HNSCC: head and neck squamous cell carcinoma; OS: overall survival; DFS: disease free survival; QT: chemotherapy; RT:
radiotherapy; OSCC: oral squamous cell carcinoma; OR: odds ratio; CI: confidence interval

studies are summarized in Table 1. the level of their differentiation. [44]

DISCUSSION There are different routes of infection, mainly sexual, vertical
and self-inoculation; they all share the need for close contact
There is much written literature about the relationship of HPV to occur. [45,46] Transmission from non-primates to humans is
virus and OSCC. Due to the great disparity of published data, unknown to occur. [47,48]
it is very difficult to establish rightly the role HPV plays and its
etiopathological, clinical and prognostic considerations. This To active the infection, the virus must reach the epithelial basal
[33]
can be related to differences in study populations (genetic, layer, where the specific integrin alpha 6 receptor is present.
social and cultural factors) and the methodology of study and Once the infection becomes productive, cytopathic effects
[44]
detection of virus. can appear, first of all koilocytosis. To make this happen, the
patient's immune response plays an important role. During
There are many HPV genotypes identified, within which, infection, viral antigen presentation is minimal and thus the
[33]
over 130 are related to skin and mucosal lesions. The first infection can persist until years. In immunocompetent
[40]
to propose the pathogenic relationship of this type of virus patients lesions usually regress spontaneously, while in
with OSCC was Syrjänen et al. in 1983. And the first type immunodeficient the incidence and persistence of them is
[15]
identified in head and neck was HPV16 in palatine tonsil usually higher. [49]
carcinomas. Since then, there have been many published
[27]
studies on detection and about its role in OSCC. Regarding the oncological potential of the virus, there is much
controversy about the true role played by the integration of
HPV molecular biology viral DNA into human epithelial cells. Several authors have
HPV belongs to a heterogeneous group corresponding to the investigated its pathogenesis in OSCC. According to its role
"Papillomaviridae" family. It is characterized as a DNA-double in the development of cervical cancer, HPV is classified into
[41]
stranded virus. It has a diameter of 50 μm and it is covered by a high risk for malignant lesions subtype (HPV 16, 18, 31,
an icosahedral capsid consisting of 72 capsomeres, without 33, 35, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, 59, 68, 73 and 82) and low-grade
casing [42,43] and presents a particular tropism by keratinocytes, malignant lesions subtype but related to benign lesions (HPV
being the synthesis and expression of their genes linked to 6, 11, 13, 32, 42, 43, 44). [33,50]
134 Plast Aesthet Res || Volume 3 || May 25, 2016