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Figure 1: The case of a 70-year-old and ex-smoker female patient with a human papillomavirus+ head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. We can see an
exophytic lesion three years of evolution on the left floor of the mouth, surpassing the midline, with a progressive growth. The patient has no dysphagia
or dyspnea. We decide to take biopsies, obtaining the diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma
squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) throughout the world. [14] METHODS

The appearance of this kind of tumours has changed among A review of articles published in the last ten years (since
the last decades. Some genotypes have been suggested as the February 29, 2016 until January 1, 2005) in the database
most likely causative agents of human papillomavirus, whose of medical literature MEDLINE via PubMed search engine
carcinogenic effect in oropharynx was first proposed by was performed. The following descriptors obtained from
Syrjänen et al. in 1983 according to common morphological “DeCS” were used as keywords: "Papillomavirus Infections",
[15]
characteristics of HPV and immunohistochemistry. Later, this "Carcinoma, Squamous Cell" and "Mouth". All possible
was confirmed by using new techniques such as "Southern associations between them were used.
Blot Hybridization". [16,17] HPV has been proposed as a major
risk factor for oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma The main objective was to study the role of HPV in the
(OPSCC), [7,18] with a strong association in subjects with or development, molecular biology, prognosis and treatment
without the established risks of smoking and alcohol. [7] of OSCC. We also provided special attention to detection
and sampling techniques, risk factors, epidemiology,
The oncogenic potential of certain high-risk HPV genotypes relationship with other non-malignant lesions and history
is related to its ability of integrating DNA fragments (E5, E6 of the virus.
and E7) in the host cell, annulling the function of tumour Inclusion criteria were: (1) studies published between the
[19]
suppressor factors such as p21, p53 and pRb routes. dates indicated; (2) English language; (3) both observational
However, there are many ethno-geographical differences and experimental studies; (4) reviews and meta-analyses; and
between the examined groups, with detection ranges from (5) items that although published at an earlier date than the
0 to 100%. [18,20-24] Virus detection is also affected by the cut-off, are cited in the main revised. Exclusion criteria were:
sensitivity of the diagnostic test and the location of the (1) publications that do not appear in the set date range
lesion, which difficult the clarification of the role of HPV and and which are not mentioned in any of the included; (2) any
its carcinogenic potential. [7,25] type of non-English language; (3) studies lacking internal or
external validity; (4) editorials and case reports; (5) studies
Some authors not only involve the virus in the pathogenesis with a sample size lower than 30, or if it is not mentioned
of OSCC, but also believe that it can determine the prognosis by any of the included; and (6) articles that do not contain
and module treatment response. The first type of HPV information on the main search object.
[26]
isolated in OSCC was HPV16 in the palatine tonsil, made
by Niedobitek et al. in 1990. However, this is not the RESULTS
[27]
only subtype identified, varying according to the analysed
population sample. Recently this type of HPV-positive We preliminarily found 252 articles, of which only 39 were
[28]
tumours in the oral cavity was described as an entity with included and reviewed. Among these, 9 publications were
different molecular, clinical, etiological, pathological and highlighted: 4 meta-analysis, [14,33-35] 3 prospective studies [32,36,37]
prognostic characteristics. [6,20-23,29-32] and 2 retrospective studies. [38,39] Main results from these
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