Page 237 - Read Online

Delgado-García et al. Plasmablasts in myasthenia gravis

[9]
myasthenia gravis antibodies are directly pathogenic , Ethics approval
whereas in IgG4-related disease they are probably Not applicable.
not [7,10] . We recently stressed that the sphere of IgG4-
mediated neurological autoimmune disorders is an REFERENCES
[10]
expanding one . We believe that the study of the ties
between IgG4-mediated neurological autoimmune 1. Hong YH, Sung JJ. Auto-reactive B cells in MuSK myasthenia gravis.
disorders and IgG4-related disease could represent a Neuroimmunol Neuroinflammation 2016;3:196-7.
[10]
very fruitful field in the near future , so further studies 2. Guptill JT, Yi JS, Sanders DB, Guidon AC, Juel VC, Massey JM, Howard
are needed in this specific area. However, one of the JF Jr, Scuderi F, Bartoccioni E, Evoli A, Weinhold KJ. Characterization
limitations that these studies might face is the low of B cells in muscle-specific kinase antibody myasthenia gravis. Neurol
Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm 2015;2:e77.
prevalence (or underdiagnosis) of these conditions [11,12] . 3. Wallace ZS, Mattoo H, Carruthers M, Mahajan VS, Della Torre E,
Multicentric studies through international, collaborative Lee H, Kulikova M, Deshpande V, Pillai S, Stone JH. Plasmablasts
efforts could mitigate this limitation. Regarding the as a biomarker for IgG4-related disease, independent of serum IgG4
technical aspects, it is also necessary to unify the 4. concentrations. Ann Rheum Dis 2015;74:190-5.
Iwata S, Saito K, Hirata S, Tanaka Y. Phenotypic changes of lymphocyte
characterization (gating) of peripheral plasmablasts in a patient with IgG4-related disease after corticosteroid therapy. Ann
in order to facilitate dialogue and exchange between Rheum Dis 2012;71:2058-9.
different research communities, which may come 5. Maecker HT, McCoy JP, Nussenblatt R. Standardizing
from different domains of specialization (neurology, immunophenotyping for the Human Immunology Project. Nat Rev
rheumatology, immunology, among others). Immunol 2012;12:191-200.
6. Koarada S, Tada Y. Roles of plasmablasts in IgG4-related disease and
various immune-based diseases. World J Rheumatol 2016;6:16-22.
DECLARATIONS 7. Raibagkar P, Ferry JA, Stone JH. Is MuSK myasthenia gravis linked to
IgG4-related disease? J Neuroimmunol 2017;305:82-3.
8. Jun H, Jung CW. Immunoglobulin G4-related inflammatory abdominal
Authors’ contributions aortic aneurysm associated with myasthenia gravis, with contained
Literature review, significant contribution to intellectual rupture. Vasc Endovascular Surg 2016;50:571-4.
manuscript content, and manuscript drafting: G. 9. Huijbers MG, Zhang W, Klooster R, Niks EH, Friese MB, Straasheijm
Delgado-García, T. Corona-Vázquez. KR, Thijssen PE, Vrolijk H, Plomp JJ, Vogels P, Losen M, Van der
Maarel SM, Burden SJ, Verschuuren JJ. MuSK IgG4 autoantibodies
cause myasthenia gravis by inhibiting binding between MuSK and
Financial support and sponsorship Lrp4. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2013;110:20783-8.
None. 10. Delgado-García G, Corona-Vázquez T. IgG4-related disease and IgG4-
mediated neurological autoimmune disorders: one and the same? J
Conflicts of interest Neuroimmunol 2017;310:129-30.
There are no conflicts of interest. 11. Huijbers MG, Querol LA, Niks EH, Plomp JJ, van der Maarel SM, Graus
F, Dalmau J, Illa I, Verschuuren JJ. The expanding field of IgG4-mediated
neurological autoimmune disorders. Eur J Neurol 2015;22:1151-61.
Patient consent 12. Brito-Zerón P, Ramos-Casals M, Bosch X, Stone JH. The clinical
Not applicable. spectrum of IgG4-related disease. Autoimmun Rev 2014;13:1203-10.

Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation ¦ Volume 4 ¦ November 9, 2017 237