Page 82 - Read Online

23. Burridge K, Chrzanowska‑Wodnicka M. Focal adhesions, contractility, 45. Aydin F. Do human intracranial arteries lack vasa vasorum? A
and signaling. Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol 1996;12:463‑518. comparative immunohistochemical study of intracranial and
24. Wang N, Tytell JD, Ingber DE. Mechanotransduction at a distance: systemic arteries. Acta Neuropathol 1998;96:22‑8.
mechanically coupling the extracellular matrix with the nucleus. Nat 46. Numagami Y, Ezura M, Takahashi A, Yoshimoto T. Antegrade
Rev Mol Cell Biol 2009;10:75‑82. recanalization of completely embolized internal carotid artery after
25. Takeichi M. The cadherins: cell‑cell adhesion molecules controlling treatment of a giant intracavernous aneurysm: a case report. Surg
animal morphogenesis. Development 1988;102:639‑55. Neurol 1999;52:611‑6.
26. Olesen SP, Clapham DE, Davies PF. Haemodynamic shear 47. Iihara K, Murao K, Sakai N, Soeda A, Ishibashi‑Ueda H, Yutani C,
stress activates a K+ current in vascular endothelial cells. Nature Yamada N, Nagata I. Continued growth of and increased symptoms
1988;331:168‑70. from a thrombosed giant aneurysm of the vertebral artery after
27. Tzima E, del Pozo MA, Shattil SJ, Chien S, Schwartz MA. Activation complete endovascular occlusion and trapping: the role of vasa
of integrins in endothelial cells by fluid shear stress mediates vasorum. Case report. J Neurosurg 2003;98:407‑13.
Rho‑dependent cytoskeletal alignment. EMBO J 2001;20:4639‑47. 48. Aoki T, Kataoka H, Ishibashi R, Nozaki K, Morishita R, Hashimoto N.
28. Chachisvilis M, Zhang YL, Frangos JA. G protein‑coupled receptors Reduced collagen biosynthesis is the hallmark of cerebral aneurysm:
sense fluid shear stress in endothelial cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S contribution of interleukin‑1beta and nuclear factor‑kappaB.
A 2006;103:15463‑8. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2009;29:1080‑6.
29. Tzima E, Irani‑Tehrani M, Kiosses WB, Dejana E, Schultz DA, 49. Chiu JJ, Chen LJ, Chang SF, Lee PL, Lee CI, Tsai MC, Lee DY,
Engelhardt B, Cao G, DeLisser H, Schwartz MA. A mechanosensory Hsieh HP, Usami S, Chien S. Shear stress inhibits smooth muscle
complex that mediates the endothelial cell response to fluid shear cell‑induced inflammatory gene expression in endothelial cells: role
stress. Nature 2005;437:426‑31. of NF‑kappaB. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2005;25:963‑9.
30. Aoki T, Nishimura M, Matsuoka T, Yamamoto K, Furuyashiki T, 50. Nakajima N, Nagahiro S, Sano T, Satomi J, Satoh K. Phenotypic
Kataoka H, Kitaoka S, Ishibashi R, Ishibazawa A, Miyamoto S, modulation of smooth muscle cells in human cerebral aneurysmal
Morishita R, Ando J, Hashimoto N, Nozaki K, Narumiya S. walls. Acta Neuropathol 2000;100:475‑80.
PGE(2) ‑EP(2) signalling in endothelium is activated by 51. Aoki T, Kataoka H, Morimoto M, Nozaki K, Hashimoto N.
haemodynamic stress and induces cerebral aneurysm through an Macrophage‑derived matrix metalloproteinase‑2 and ‑9 promote
amplifying loop via NF‑κB. Br J Pharmacol 2011;163:1237‑49. the progression of cerebral aneurysms in rats. Stroke 2007;38:162‑9.
31. Liao JK, Laufs U. Pleiotropic effects of statins. Annu Rev Pharmacol 52. Aoki T, Kataoka H, Moriwaki T, Nozaki K, Hashimoto N. Role of
Toxicol 2005;45:89‑118. TIMP‑1 and TIMP‑2 in the progression of cerebral aneurysms. Stroke
32. Aoki T, Kataoka H, Ishibashi R, Nozaki K, Hashimoto N. Simvastatin 2007;38:2337‑45.
suppresses the progression of experimentally induced cerebral 53. Kolega J, Gao L, Mandelbaum M, Mocco J, Siddiqui AH,
aneurysms in rats. Stroke 2008;39:1276‑85. Natarajan SK, Meng H. Cellular and molecular responses of the
33. Aoki T, Kataoka H, Ishibashi R, Nakagami H, Nozaki K, Morishita R, basilar terminus to hemodynamics during intracranial aneurysm
Hashimoto N. Pitavastatin suppresses formation and progression of initiation in a rabbit model. J Vasc Res 2011;48:429‑42.
cerebral aneurysms through inhibition of the nuclear factor kappaB 54. Owens GK, Kumar MS, Wamhoff BR. Molecular regulation of
pathway. Neurosurgery 2009;64:357‑65. vascular smooth muscle cell differentiation in development and
34. Kilic T, Sohrabifar M, Kurtkaya O, Yildirim O, Elmaci I, Günel M, disease. Physiol Rev 2004;84:767‑801.
Pamir MN. Expression of structural proteins and angiogenic factors 55. Galis ZS, Muszynski M, Sukhova GK, Simon‑Morrissey E,
in normal arterial and unruptured and ruptured aneurysm walls. Unemori EN, Lark MW, Amento E, Libby P. Cytokine‑stimulated
Neurosurgery 2005;57:997‑1007. human vascular smooth muscle cells synthesize a complement
35. Ray JM, Stetler‑Stevenson WG. The role of matrix metalloproteases of enzymes required for extracellular matrix digestion. Circ Res
and their inhibitors in tumour invasion, metastasis and angiogenesis. 1994;75:181‑9.
Eur Respir J 1994;7:2062‑72. 56. Bourcier T, Sukhova G, Libby P. The nuclear factor kappa‑B
36. Unemori EN, Ferrara N, Bauer EA, Amento EP. Vascular endothelial signaling pathway participates in dysregulation of vascular smooth
growth factor induces interstitial collagenase expression in human muscle cells in vitro and in human atherosclerosis. J Biol Chem
endothelial cells. J Cell Physiol 1992;153:557‑62. 1997;272:15817‑24.
37. Dvorak HF, Brown LF, Detmar M, Dvorak AM. Vascular 57. Meng H, Metaxa E, Gao L, Liaw N, Natarajan SK, Swartz DD,
permeability factor/vascular endothelial growth factor, Siddiqui AH, Kolega J, Mocco J. Progressive aneurysm development
microvascular hyperpermeability, and angiogenesis. Am J Pathol following hemodynamic insult. J Neurosurg 2011;114:1095‑103.
1995;146:1029‑39. 58. Hazama F, Hashimoto N. An animal model of cerebral aneurysms.
38. Ferrara N, Houck KA, Jakeman LB, Winer J, Leung DW. The Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 1987;13:77‑90.
vascular endothelial growth factor family of polypeptides. J Cell 59. Kataoka K, Taneda M, Asai T, Kinoshita A, Ito M, Kuroda R.
Biochem 1991;47:211‑8. Structural fragility and inflammatory response of ruptured cerebral
39. Fong GH, Rossant J, Gertsenstein M, Breitman ML. Role of the aneurysms. A comparative study between ruptured and unruptured
Flt‑1 receptor tyrosine kinase in regulating the assembly of vascular cerebral aneurysms. Stroke 1999;30:1396‑401.
endothelium. Nature 1995;376:66‑70. 60. Frösen J, Piippo A, Paetau A, Kangasniemi M, Niemelä M,
40. Basilico C, Moscatelli D. The FGF family of growth factors and Hernesniemi J, Jääskeläinen J. Remodeling of saccular cerebral
oncogenes. Adv Cancer Res 1992;59:115‑65. artery aneurysm wall is associated with rupture: histological
41. Bobik A, Campbell JH. Vascular derived growth factors: cell biology, analysis of 24 unruptured and 42 ruptured cases. Stroke
pathophysiology, and pharmacology. Pharmacol Rev 1993;45:1‑42. 2004;35:2287‑93.
42. Partanen J, Vainikka S, Alitalo K. Structural and functional 61. Bhaskar V, Yin J, Mirza AM, Phan D, Vanegas S, Issafras H,
specificity of FGF receptors. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci Michelson K, Hunter JJ, Kantak SS. Monoclonal antibodies targeting
1993;340:297‑303. IL‑1 beta reduce biomarkers of atherosclerosis in vitro and inhibit
43. Pepper MS, Ferrara N, Orci L, Montesano R. Potent synergism atherosclerotic plaque formation in Apolipoprotein E‑deficient mice.
between vascular endothelial growth factor and basic fibroblast Atherosclerosis 2011;216:313‑20.
growth factor in the induction of angiogenesis in vitro. Biochem 62. Wang X, Feuerstein GZ, Gu JL, Lysko PG, Yue TL. Interleukin‑1
Biophys Res Commun 1992;189:824‑31. beta induces expression of adhesion molecules in human vascular
44. Hoh BL, Hosaka K, Downes DP, Nowicki KW, Wilmer EN, Velat GJ, smooth muscle cells and enhances adhesion of leukocytes to smooth
Scott EW. Stromal cell‑derived factor‑1 promoted angiogenesis muscle cells. Atherosclerosis 1995;115:89‑98.
and inflammatory cell infiltration in aneurysm walls. J Neurosurg 63. Alexander MR, Murgai M, Moehle CW, Owens GK. Interleukin‑1ß
2014;120:73‑86. modulates smooth muscle cell phenotype to a distinct inflammatory

74 Neuroimmunol Neuroinflammation | Volume 2 | Issue 2 | April 15, 2015