Page 21 - Read Online
P. 21
In the present ongoing study, we determined and We presented the preliminary analysis of our ongoing
correlated DC subpopulations as well as expression of study on the immunity of patients with glioblastomas.
KPNA2 in patients with glioblastomas. Since KPNA2 Our first results comprise a limited studied population;
is thought to mediate the nuclear import of certain therefore, far reaching conclusions may not be drawn.
transcription factors, which may induce the maturation However, our data may be taken into consideration
of DCs, a certain correlation has been expected. Indeed, in order to design future larger relevant studies, in
our preliminary analysis suggests an association particular animal models with knock out techniques
between low KPNA2 nuclear expression and increased that may further clarify the role of importins in the
numbers of mature DCs. However, this correlation did maturation of DCs and in general in the immunological
not reach statistical significance so far (Fisher exact abnormalities observed in patients with glioblastomas.
test, P = 0.077) probably due to the limited studied
population. The observed inverse correlation between ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
KPNA2 expression and counts of mature DCs is not
surprising, since higher KPNA2 expression [14] and We thank Alexandra Breuer for her excellent assistance and
decreased counts of mature DCs have been both found technical support.
[4]
to characterize patients with malignant gliomas, The
idea of the possible role of KPNA2 also in the regulation REFERENCES
of the immunity of glioblastoma patients is tempting;
in such a case an additional therapeutic target for the 1. Zisakis A, Piperi C, Themistocleous MS, Korkolopoulou P,
Boviatsis EI, Sakas DE, Patsouris E, Lea RW, Kalofoutis A.
immunotherapy may have been identified. Comparative analysis of peripheral and localised cytokine secretion
in glioblastoma patients. Cytokine 2007;39:99‑105.
To our best knowledge, this is the first study focusing 2. Fecci PE, Mitchell DA, Whitesides JF, Xie W, Friedman AH,
on the role of importins in the maturation of DCs. Some Archer GE, Herndon JE 2nd, Bigner DD, Dranoff G, Sampson JH.
Increased regulatory T‑cell fraction amidst a diminished CD4
evidence of a role of karyopherins (only exportins) in compartment explains cellular immune defects in patients with
the function of DCs has been previously elucidated. [33] malignant glioma. Cancer Res 2006;66:3294‑302.
Chemnitz et al. [33] studied in vitro the role of the 3. Gousias K, Markou M, Arzoglou V, Voulgaris S, Vartholomatos G,
exportin chromosome region maintenance protein 1/ Kostoula A, Polyzoidis K, Kyritsis AP. Frequent abnormalities of the
exportin 1(CRM1) in the maturation and activation immune system in gliomas and correlation with the WHO grading
system of malignancy. J Neuroimmunol 2010;226:136‑42.
of DCs. Inhibition of CRM1 by Leptomycin B down 4. Gousias K, von Ruecker A, Voulgari P, Simon M. Phenotypical
regulated the expression of the co-stimulatory molecule analysis, relation to malignancy and prognostic relevance of
CD83 and abrogated the ability of allogeneic T cell ICOS+T regulatory and dendritic cells in patients with gliomas.
stimulation. [33] 5. J Neuroimmunol 2013;264:84‑90.
Banchereau J, Briere F, Caux C, Davoust J, Lebecque S, Liu YJ,
Pulendran B, Palucka K. Immunobiology of dendritic cells. Annu
Established prognostic molecular biomarkers, such Rev Immunol 2000;18:767‑811.
as MGMT promoter methylation and IDH-1 mutation 6. Fong L, Engleman EG. Dendritic cells in cancer immunotherapy.
status were also included in our analysis. Patients 7. Annu Rev Immunol 2000;18:245‑73.
Dalod M, Chelbi R, Malissen B, Lawrence T. Dendritic cell
with low KPNA2 expression exhibit frequently (not maturation: functional specialization through signaling specificity
statistically significant) mutant IDH-1-R132H (Fisher’s and transcriptional programming. EMBO J 2014;33:1104‑16.
exact test: P = 0.071). The clinical history of the 8. Pahl HL. Activators and target genes of Rel/NF‑kappaB transcription
patients with mutant IDH-1-R132H status (sudden 9. factors. Oncogene 1999;18:6853‑66.
Cunningham MD, Cleaveland J, Nadler SG. An intracellular
onset of symptoms < 3 months) does not suggest targeted NLS peptide inhibitor of karyopherin alpha: NF‑kappa B
a secondary genesis of glioblastomas. However, a interactions. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2003;300:403‑7.
possible association between lower KPNA2 expression 10. Chen YC, Su YN, Chou PC, Chiang WC, Chang MC, Wang LS,
and genesis of secondary glioblastomas could not be Teng SC, Wu KJ. Overexpression of NBS1 contributes to
excluded. An inverse correlation of KPNA2 expression transformation through the activation of phosphatidylinositol
3‑kinase/Akt. J Biol Chem 2005;280:32505‑11.
and IDH-1 immunostaining in patients with malignant 11. Teng SC, Wu KJ, Tseng SF, Wong CW, Kao L. Importin KPNA2,
gliomas was found also previously. [14] NBS1, DNA repair and tumorigenesis. J Mol Histol 2006;37:293‑9.
12. Tseng SF, Chang CY, Wu KJ, Teng SC. Importin KPNA2 is required
Furthermore, we tested whether expression of KPNA2 for proper nuclear localization and multiple functions of NBS1. J Biol
Chem 2005;280:39594‑600.
and DC subpopulations correlated with clinical factors, 13. Zannini L, Lecis D, Lisanti S, Benetti R, Buscemi G, Schneider C,
such as gender, age, preoperative and postoperative Delia D. Karyopherin‑alpha2 protein interacts with Chk2 and
Karnofsky Index, preoperative presence of seizures or contributes to its nuclear import. J Biol Chem 2003;278:42346‑51.
neurological deficits, tumor diameter, tumor eloquence 14. Gousias K, Becker AJ, Simon M, Niehusmann P. Nuclear karyopherin
a2: a novel biomarker for infiltrative astrocytomas. J Neurooncol
and degree of resection. No significant associations 2012;109:545‑53.
were found. 15. Gousias K, Niehusmann P, Gielen G, Simon M, Boström J.
Neuroimmunol Neuroinflammation | Volume 2 | Issue 1 | January 15, 2015 13