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Chiu                                                                                                                                                         Modified parasternal approach for aortic valve surgery

           procedures. After we developed this technique, it has   3.   Bowdish  ME,  Hui  DS,  Cleveland  JD,  Mack  WJ,  Sinha  R,  Ranjan
           become our standard practice and primary choice for   R, Cohen RG,  Baker CJ,  Cunningham MJ,  Barr ML, Starnes VA.
           aortic valve surgery. Our propensity-adjusted analysis   A comparison of aortic  valve  replacement via an anterior  right
                                                                 minithoracotomy  with  standard  sternotomy:  a  propensity  score
           shows that the parasternal approach may be a good     analysis of 492 patients. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2016;49:456-63.
           minimally  invasive alternative to  full sternotomy for   4.   Rodriguez E, Malaisrie SC, Mehall JR, Moore M, Salemi A, Ailawadi
           cardiac valve operations. [6]                         G,Gunnarsson  C,  Ward  AF,  Grossi  EA;  Economic  Workgroup  on
                                                                 Valvular Surgery. Right anterior thoracotomy aortic valve replacement
           In conclusion, improved cosmetic results, less pain   is associated with less cost than sternotomy-based approaches: a multi-
           and anagelsic  use, and faster recovery have been     institution analysis of ‘real world’ data. J Med Econ 2014;12:846-52.
           reported. It  has been generally well-accepted  by   5.   Ito T, Maekawa A, Hoshino S, Hayashi Y. Right infra-axillary mini-
                                                                 thoracotomy  for aortic  valve  replacement.  Ann Cardiothorac Surg
           patients and also by surgeons performing  minimally   2015;4:78-80.
           invasive aortic valve replacement. [18]  We agree that   6.   Chiu KM, Chen RJ, LinTY, Chen JS, Huang JH, Huang CY, Chu
           full sternotomy procedures have achieved excellent    SH. Right mini-parasternotomy may be a good minimally invasive
           surgical  outcomes. It  may not be easy to elaborate   alternative  to full sternotomy for cardiac  valve operations-a
           the differences in outcomes simply through  various   propensity-adjusted analysis. J Cardiovasc Surg 2016;57:111-20.
           surgical incisions. Also, new approaches, if not been   7.   Cosgrove DM 3rd, Sabik JF. Minimally invasive approach for aortic
           well conducted, could be detrimental due to unfamiliar   8.   valve operations. Ann Thorac Surg 1996;62:596-7.
                                                                 Gillinov AM, Gelijns AC, Parides MK, DeRose JJ Jr, Moskowitz AJ,
           and  unexpected  complications.  Open  mindedness     Voisine P, Ailawadi G, Bouchard D, Smith PK, Mack MJ, Acker MA,
           and curiosity,  on-site case observations, and proctor   Mullen JC, Rose EA, Chang HL, Puskas JD, Couderc JP, Gardner
           guided  practices by well-experienced  surgeons  are   TJ, Varghese R, Horvath KA, Bolling SF, Michler RE, Geller NL,
           key elements  in  adopting  new  approaches  that can   Ascheim DD, Miller MA, Bagiella  E, Moquete EG, Williams  P,
           offer  true  benefits  to  selected  patients.  Preoperative   Taddei-Peters  WC,  O’Gara  PT,  Blackstone  EH,  Argenziano  M;
           images help us to plan carefully and avoid potential   CTSN  Investigators.  Surgical  ablation  of  atrial  fibrillation  during
                                                                 mitral-valve surgery. N Engl J Med 2015;372:1309-409.
           complications.  Starting with simple, isolated  and   9.   Glauber M, Gilmanov  D, Farneti  PA, Kallushi E, Miceli  A,
           straightforward procedures is always the rule of thumb   Chiaramonti F, Murzi M, Solinas M. Right anterior minithoracotomy
           to negotiate the learning curve of new techniques. From   for aortic valve replacement: 10-year experience of a single center. J
           our experience, our parasternal approach is an easily   Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2015;150:548-56.
           learned and performed procedure.   Our  long-term   10.  Johnston DR, Roselli EE. Minimally invasive aortic valve surgery:
                                           [6]
           follow up also proves that this a durable procedure.  Cleveland Clinic experience. Ann Cardiothorac Surg 2015;4:140-7.
                                                              11.  Youssef SJ, Millan JA, Youssef GM, Earnheart A, Lehr EJ, Barnhart
           Authors’ contributions                                GR. The role of computed tomography angiography in patients
                                                                 undergoing  evaluation  for minimally  invasive  cardiac  surgery: an
           K.M. Chiu contributed solely to this article.         early program experience. Innovations (Phila) 2015;10:33-8.
                                                              12.  Di Tomasso N, Monaco F, Landoni G. Renal protection  in
                                                                 cardiovascular surgery. F1000Res 2016;5:331.
           Financial support and sponsorship                  13.  Bedeir  K, Reardon  M, Ramchandani  M, Singh  K, Ramlawi  B.
           None.                                                 Elevated stroke risk associated with femoral artery cannulation during
                                                                 mitral valve surgery. Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2015;27:97-103.
           Conflicts of interest                              14.  Lamelas  J,  Williams  RF,  Mawad  M,  LaPietra  A.  Complications
           There are no conflicts of interest.                   associated with femoral cannulation  during minimally  invasive
                                                                 cardiac surgery. Ann Thorac Surg 2017;103:1927-32.
                                                              15.  Glauber M, Ferrarini M, Miceli A. Minimally invasive aortic valve
           Patient consent                                       surgery: state of the art and future directions. Ann Cardiothorac Surg
           Patients’  informed consent were obtained before      2015;4:26-32.
           operations.                                        16.  Miceli A, Santarpino G, Pfeiffer S, Murzi M, Gilmanov D, Concistré
                                                                 G, Quaini E, Solinas M, Fischlein T, Glauber M. Minimally invasive
                                                                 aortic  valve  replacement  with  perceval  S sutureless  valve:  early
           Ethics approval                                       outcomes and one-year survival from two European centers. J Thorac
           This  study  is  waived for  ethical approval from  the   Cardiovasc Surg 2014;148:2838-43.
           author’s institution review board.                 17.  Borger MA, Moustafine V, Conradi L, Knosalla C, Richter M, Merk
                                                                 DR, Doenst T, Hammerschmidt R, Treede H, Dohmen P, Strauch JT. A
                                                                 randomized multicenter trial of minimally invasive rapid deployment
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