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Jairath et al. Percutaneous nephrostomy

analgesics; (3) sepsis: PCN insertion in pyonephrotic Patient consent
kidneys can result in severe bacteremia and sepsis; (4) Not applicable.
injury to adjacent organs: pneumothorax and colonic
injury are rare but are known complication especially Ethics approval
in supracoastal punctures; (5) extravasation of urine; Not applicable.
(6) catheter dislodgement; and (7) inability to remove
nephrostomy tube due to crystallization.
REFERENCES
CONCLUSION
1. Goodwin WE, Casey WC, Woolf W. Percutaneous trocar
USG guided technique of PCN placement is safe, (needle) nephrostomy in hydronephrosis. J Am Med Assoc
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effective and easily reproducible if done with correct 2. Dyer RB, Regan JD, Kavanagh PV, Khatod EG, Chen MY, Zagoria
technique though it requires some degree of learning RJ. Percutaneous nephrostomy with extensions of the technique:
curve to overcome to become competent in this technique. step by step. Radiographics 2002;22:503-25.
3. Millward SF. Percutaneous nephrostomy: a practical approach. J
DECLARATIONS Vasc Interv Radiol 2000;11:955-64.
4. Desai M. Ultrasonography-guided punctures-with and without
puncture guide. J Endourol 2009;23:1641-3.
Authors’ contributions 5. Otaño N, Jairath A, Mishra S, Ganpule A, Sabnis R, Desai M.
Study conception and design, drafting of the Percutaneous nephrolithotomy in pelvic kidneys: is the ultrasound-
manuscript: A. Jairath guided puncture safe? Urology 2015;85:55-8.
Drafting of the manuscript, critical revision: A. Ganpule 6. Steinberg PL, Semins MJ, Wason SE, Matlaga BR, Pais VM.
Critical revision: M. Desai Fluoroscopy-guided percutaneous renal access. J Endourol
2009;23:1627-31.
Financial support and sponsorship 7. Ghani KR, Patel U, Anson K. Computed tomography for
percutaneous renal access. J Endourol 2009;23:1633-9.
None. 8. Tokue H, Takeuchi Y, Arai Y, Tsushima Y, Endo K. Anchoring system-
assisted coil tract embolization: a new technique for management of
Conflicts of interest arterial bleeding associated with percutaneous nephrostomy. J Vasc
There are no conflicts of interest. Interv Radiol 2011;22:1625-9.

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