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Page 18 of 21 Chen et al. J Mater Inf 2022;2:19 https://dx.doi.org/10.20517/jmi.2022.23

Performed data analysis, discussion and writing review: Chen L, Chen Z, Yao X, Su B, Chen W, Pang X,
Kim KS, Singh CV, Zou Y
Performed data acquisition and interpretation: Chen L, Zou Y

Availability of data and materials
Not applicable.

Financial support and sponsorship
CVS acknowledges financial support from the Nature Science and Engineer Research Council of Canada
(NSERC), Hart Professorship, and the University of Toronto. YZ acknowledges the financial support from
Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC Discovery Grant # RGPIN-2018-
05731), LXC, KSK and YZ acknowledge the financial support from Collaboration Centre in Green Energy
Materials (CC-GEM- #2020-0424). XP acknowledge the financial support from the Office of Energy
Research and Development (OERD), Natural Resources Canada.

Conflicts of interest
All authors declared that there are no conflicts of interest.

Ethical approval and consent to participate
Not applicable.

Consent for publication
Not applicable.

Copyright
© The Author(s) 2022.

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