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Yang et al. PANDA, LincRNA-p21, PUMA in Xuanwei

mining, and coal-related industries. METHODS

Xuanwei is an area with high deposits of coal and Objectives
also has high incidence of lung cancer as well as high Forty-five patients from Xuanwei and 42 from non-
mortality rate from lung cancer. From 2004 to 2005, the Xuanwei regions were recruited for surgery in the
mortality rate of lung cancer in Xuanwei was 91.30/10 , Department of Thoracic Surgery, the Third Affiliated
5
2.26 times higher than that of Yunnan Province and Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Cancer
2.96 times higher than that of all of China. Current Hospital of Yunnan) from March 2014 to December
[1]
research suggests that the high incidence of lung 2014. Details of the patients were obtained, including
cancer in Xuanwei is related to air pollution caused age, sex, personal habits, living condition, use of coal
by bituminouscoal, with environmental factors for household purposes, dietary habits, occupation,
perhaps accounting for 70% and 30% depending on and economic conditions of the family. Chest X-ray,
susceptibility factors. [2] ultrasonography, CT scan, fiber optic bronchoscopy,
and sputum cytology were done before surgery. All
Development of lung cancer is a complex biological, patients were chemotherapy-and radiotherapy-naive
multistep process, which not only activates oncogenes [Table 1].
and inactivates the tumor suppressor genes, but also
has a close relation with imbalance of apoptosis. [3] Signed informed consents were obtained from all
PANDA (DNA damage activates p21 related non- patients. Lung cancer tissues and normal lung tissues
coding RNA), LincRNA-p21 (Cyclin-dependent (5 cm away from tumor margins) was resected and
kinase inhibitor 1a, CDKN1A/p21), and PUMA (p53 preserved in RNA, later (Ambion, United States) in in
upregulated modulator of apoptosis) play an important vitro solution at a temperature of 4 ºC for 8 h and then
role in p53-dependent mitochondrial apoptotic pathway at -80 ºC for medium or long term preservation. Clinical
when DNA is damaged. When DNA damage occurs, and pathological data were collected post operatively
it activates expression of p53 and LincRNA-p21. In and the patients had regular follow-ups.
one aspect, the combination of p53 and LincRNA-p21 Extraction of RNA
activates expression of PUMA, which then interacts Total extraction of RNA was done using the Triazol
with antiapoptotic members of the family tore lease reagent kit (Invitrogen Company, USA) and reverse
Bax and Bak. Baxis embedded in the outer membrane transcription was performed using the QuantScript RT
of mitochondria, leading to increased mitochondrial kit (Tiangen Company, China). Using ABI7900HT (ABI
outer membrane permeability. The release of Company, USA) according to established methods,
cytochrome C apoptotic factors activates the caspase three RNA (PANDA, LincRNA-p21, PUMA) and 2 -△CT
cascade, eventually leading to cell death. On the value indicated the quantity of relative expression.
[4]
other hand, the combination of p53 and LincRNA-p21
activates expression of PANDA which in combination Statistical analysis
with Nuclear transcription factor Y subunit alpha (NF- Statistical analysis was done using SPSS 17.0
YA) prevent apoptosis-related gene expression, thus software. After log transformation, normal distribution
inhibiting apoptosis. [5] was analyzed. Comparison between the two groups
was done using t-test and Spearman analysis of
Our initial research found that smoke and ash of correlation was performed between the groups.
bituminous coal in Xuanwei contained large numbers
of polyaromatic hydrocarbons and nano-sized quartz RESULTS
particles, which were also found in lung tissues of people
with lung cancer in Xuanwei, which can lead to DNA The basic situation of cases
damage as outlined earlier. We also found mutations A total of 45 patients with lung cancer were selected
and polymorphisms of mitochondrial DNA and miRNA
in tissues of lung cancer patients from Xuanwei. By Table 1: Inclusion and exclusion criteria
employing real-time quantitative fluorescence PCR Inclusion criteria Exclusion criteria
techniques, expressions of PANDA, LincRNA-p21, Community: Han Silicosis, severe chronic obstructive
and PUMA were examined in lung cancer tissues of pulmonary disease, tuberculosis
patients from Xuanwei and non-Xuanwei areas. We Primary carcinoma of Surgical procedure: lobectomy,
the lungs, non-small
segmentectomy, pneumonectomy
also sought to investigate the relationship between cell lung cancer
PANDA, LincRNA-p21, PUMA and lung cancer risk in Absence of concurrent No history of chemotherapy,
the Xuanwei area. tumors radiotherapy, targeted drug therapy
66 Journal of Cancer Metastasis and Treatment ¦ Volume 3 ¦ March 27, 2017