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Alotaibi et al. Papaya seeds effect prostate cancer

decreased further by increasing the concentration of (intracellular stage) in mice. The chloroform extract
[28]
methanol extract over 25 µg/mL [Figure 1B]. However, of the papaya seeds showed contraceptive efficacy
when cells were treated with hexane extract of without adverse toxicity, mediated through inhibition of
papaya black seeds, the cells viability didn’t show any
[29]
significant change [Figure 1C]. sperm motility. The methanolic extract of the seeds
also showed antifungal activity against Aspergillus
When cells were treated with water extract of papaya
white seeds, the cells viability initially did not change
up to 50 µg/mL; however, by further increasing
the concentration of papaya extract, the cells
proliferation increased significantly (P < 0.05) up
to 140% [Figure 2A] at 250 g/mL. When cells were
treated with methanol extract or hexane extracts
of papaya white seeds, the cells viability initially
decreased slightly by 20% or 10% (non-significant),
respectively at 50 µg/mL. The cells viability did not
change further on increasing the concentration of
papaya seeds extract [Figure 2B and C].

We have further tested methanol, hexane, and water
extracts of black and white seeds on non-cancerous
undifferentiated 3T3L1 fibroblasts [Figure 3]. The
hexane extracts of either black or white seeds almost
have no cytotoxic effect on the growth of 3T3L1
fibroblasts with the exception of black seeds extract
that exhibited a marginal increase in cell proliferation
(P < 0.05) at 250 µg/mL. The methanol extract of
white seeds was also slightly cytotoxic (10-15%, P <
0.05) at 150 µg/mL or higher doses. In contrast, water
extracts from both white and black seeds caused
cytotoxic effects in these cells in a dose dependent
manner. The white seed inhibited cell proliferation by
50% at 250 µg/mL whereas black seeds have a lesser
effect and inhibited cell proliferation only by 25% at
this concentration.

Data presented in Figure 4 indicates that black seeds
contained significantly more polyphenols than that of
white seeds. The total polyphenols were almost twice
in black seeds than that in the white seeds (black
seeds, 5.2 mg/g dry powder vs. white seeds 2.5 mg/g
dry powder; P < 0.05).

DISCUSSION

The present study was conducted to examine the
effects of papaya seeds extracts on prostate cancer.
The seeds account for only 7% of papaya weight but
typically discarded. Different parts of papaya have
been used to prevent or treat a number of diseases. Figure 2: The effect of white papaya seeds on PC-3 prostate
Oil extract of papaya seed have shown antifungal cancer cells. Cells (10,000/well) were incubated with different
concentration of water (A), methanol (B), and hexane (C) extracts
activity. The fatty acids identified in the seed extracts of papaya white seeds in a CO 2 incubator at 37 C for 24 h. After
[27]
o
of papaya (from ripe fruit) were able to reduce the treatment, cell viability was determined using a WST-1 assay.
Results are expressed as mean ± SD for at least 3 replicates.
number of Trypanosoma cruzi parasites from both *Significant differences between treated and untreated groups were
parasite stages, blood trypomastigote and amastigote reported as *P < 0.05
164 Journal of Cancer Metastasis and Treatment ¦ Volume 3 ¦ August 28, 2017